Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Prevention and management of nipple problems are crucial during the postpartum period for effective breastfeeding. Breastmilk is the most commonly recommended method for lactating women. However, insufficient studies have proven its superiority over other methods in the current literature. This study aims to determine the effects of natural products compared to breast milk in preventing and treating nipple trauma and pain in lactating women.
METHODS: In this review, we investigated studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases that met the inclusion criteria. We also assessed the studies\' methodological quality with the Cochrane and JBI checklists. This study was performed based on the Guidelines of Systematic Reporting of Examination presented in the PRISMA checklist. The search protocol has been registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.
RESULTS: A total of ten published studies, including 1139 lactating women, were included in this review. The meta-analysis results showed a significant effect of natural product intervention on nipple trauma (Hedge\'s g -0.702, Q = 81,154, I2 =91,374 %, p < 0.001), soreness (Hedge\'s g =-0.648, Q = 7,092, I2 =71,801 %, p < 0.001), and pain levels (Hedge\'s g =-0.613, Q = 25,058, I2 =76,056 %, p < 0.001) experienced by lactating women.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that natural products have greater potential than breast milk in managing nipple pain, trauma, and soreness. However, the evidence for these interventions is low or very low quality. Further research is needed to determine the most effective treatment for nipple trauma in lactating women.
METHODS: In this review, we investigated studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases that met the inclusion criteria. We also assessed the studies\' methodological quality with the Cochrane and JBI checklists. This study was performed based on the Guidelines of Systematic Reporting of Examination presented in the PRISMA checklist. The search protocol has been registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.
RESULTS: A total of ten published studies, including 1139 lactating women, were included in this review. The meta-analysis results showed a significant effect of natural product intervention on nipple trauma (Hedge\'s g -0.702, Q = 81,154, I2 =91,374 %, p < 0.001), soreness (Hedge\'s g =-0.648, Q = 7,092, I2 =71,801 %, p < 0.001), and pain levels (Hedge\'s g =-0.613, Q = 25,058, I2 =76,056 %, p < 0.001) experienced by lactating women.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that natural products have greater potential than breast milk in managing nipple pain, trauma, and soreness. However, the evidence for these interventions is low or very low quality. Further research is needed to determine the most effective treatment for nipple trauma in lactating women.
摘要：
背景：在产后期间，预防和管理乳头问题对于有效的母乳喂养至关重要。母乳是哺乳期妇女最常用的方法。然而,没有足够的研究证明了它优于现有文献中的其他方法。这项研究旨在确定与母乳相比，天然产物在预防和治疗哺乳期妇女乳头创伤和疼痛方面的作用。
方法：在这篇综述中，我们调查了PubMed的研究，WebofScience,科克伦图书馆,MEDLINE,CINAHL,Scopus,和符合纳入标准的谷歌学术数据库。我们还使用Cochrane和JBI检查表评估了研究的方法学质量。本研究是根据PRISMA清单中提供的《考试系统报告指南》进行的。搜索协议已在PROSPERO国际系统审查前瞻性登记册上注册。
结果：共有十项已发表的研究，包括1139名哺乳期妇女,包括在这次审查中。荟萃分析结果表明，天然产物干预对乳头创伤的显着影响（Hedge\sg-0.702，Q=81,154，I2=91,374%，p<0.001)，酸痛(套期保值的g=-0.648，Q=7092，I2=71,801%，p<0.001)，和疼痛程度(对冲g=-0.613，Q=25,058，I2=76,056%，p<0.001）哺乳期妇女的经历。
结论：研究结果表明，天然产品在控制乳头疼痛方面比母乳具有更大的潜力，创伤,还有酸痛.然而,这些干预措施的证据质量低或非常低.需要进一步的研究来确定哺乳期妇女乳头外伤的最有效治疗方法。
方法：在这篇综述中，我们调查了PubMed的研究，WebofScience,科克伦图书馆,MEDLINE,CINAHL,Scopus,和符合纳入标准的谷歌学术数据库。我们还使用Cochrane和JBI检查表评估了研究的方法学质量。本研究是根据PRISMA清单中提供的《考试系统报告指南》进行的。搜索协议已在PROSPERO国际系统审查前瞻性登记册上注册。
结果：共有十项已发表的研究，包括1139名哺乳期妇女,包括在这次审查中。荟萃分析结果表明，天然产物干预对乳头创伤的显着影响（Hedge\sg-0.702，Q=81,154，I2=91,374%，p<0.001)，酸痛(套期保值的g=-0.648，Q=7092，I2=71,801%，p<0.001)，和疼痛程度(对冲g=-0.613，Q=25,058，I2=76,056%，p<0.001）哺乳期妇女的经历。
结论：研究结果表明，天然产品在控制乳头疼痛方面比母乳具有更大的潜力，创伤,还有酸痛.然而,这些干预措施的证据质量低或非常低.需要进一步的研究来确定哺乳期妇女乳头外伤的最有效治疗方法。
