Abstract：
Human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was the first discovered human oncogenic retrovirus, the etiological agent of two serious diseases have been identified as adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma malignancy and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a debilitating chronic neuro-myelopathy. Despite more than 40 years of molecular, histopathological and immunological studies on HTLV-1-associated diseases, the virulence and pathogenicity of this virus are yet to be clarified. The reason why the majority of HTLV-1-infected individuals (∼95%) remain asymptomatic carriers is still unclear. The deterioration of the immune system towards oncogenicity and autoimmunity makes HTLV-1 a natural probe for the study of malignancy and neuro-inflammatory diseases. Additionally, its slow worldwide spreading has prompted public health authorities and researchers, as urged by the WHO, to focus on eradicating HTLV-1. In contrast, neither an effective therapy nor a protective vaccine has been introduced. This comprehensive review focused on the most relevant studies of the neuro-inflammatory propensity of HTLV-1-induced HAM/TSP. Such an emphasis on the virus-host interactions in the HAM/TSP pathogenesis will be critically discussed epigenetically. The findings may shed light on future research venues in designing and developing proper HTLV-1 therapeutics.
摘要：
人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒1型（HTLV-1）是第一个发现的人类致癌逆转录病毒，两种严重疾病的病因已被确定为成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤恶性肿瘤和HTLV-1相关性脊髓病/热带痉挛性轻瘫（HAM/TSP），使人衰弱的慢性神经脊髓病。尽管有40多年的分子，HTLV-1相关疾病的组织病理学和免疫学研究，该病毒的毒力和致病性尚待阐明。为什么大多数HTLV-1感染的个体（95%）仍然是无症状携带者的原因尚不清楚。免疫系统对致癌和自身免疫的恶化使HTLV-1成为研究恶性肿瘤和神经炎性疾病的天然探针。此外,其缓慢的全球传播促使公共卫生当局和研究人员，正如世界卫生组织所敦促的那样，专注于根除HTLV-1。相比之下,既没有引入有效的疗法，也没有引入保护性疫苗。这篇综合综述集中于HTLV-1诱导的HAM/TSP的神经炎症倾向的最相关研究。将在表观遗传学上严格讨论HAM/TSP发病机理中对病毒-宿主相互作用的这种强调。这些发现可能为设计和开发适当的HTLV-1疗法的未来研究场所提供启示。
