Abstract：
Transposable elements (TEs), comprising nearly 50% of the human genome, have transitioned from being perceived as \"genomic junk\" to key players in cancer progression. Contemporary research links TE regulatory disruptions with cancer development, underscoring their therapeutic potential. Advances in long-read sequencing, computational analytics, single-cell sequencing, proteomics, and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies have enriched our understanding of TEs\' clinical implications, notably their impact on genome architecture, gene regulation, and evolutionary processes. In cancer, TEs, including long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1), Alus, and long terminal repeat (LTR) elements, demonstrate altered patterns, influencing both tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive mechanisms. TE-derived nucleic acids and tumor antigens play critical roles in tumor immunity, bridging innate and adaptive responses. Given their central role in oncology, TE-targeted therapies, particularly through reverse transcriptase inhibitors and epigenetic modulators, represent a novel avenue in cancer treatment. Combining these TE-focused strategies with existing chemotherapy or immunotherapy regimens could enhance efficacy and offer a new dimension in cancer treatment. This review delves into recent TE detection advancements, explores their multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis and immune regulation, discusses emerging diagnostic and therapeutic approaches centered on TEs, and anticipates future directions in cancer research.
摘要：
转座元件（TE），占人类基因组的近50%，已经从被视为“基因组垃圾”转变为癌症进展的关键参与者。当代研究将TE监管中断与癌症发展联系起来，强调他们的治疗潜力。长读数测序的进展，计算分析，单细胞测序，蛋白质组学，和CRISPR-Cas9技术丰富了我们对TEs临床意义的理解，尤其是它们对基因组结构的影响，基因调控，和进化过程。在癌症中，TEs,包括LINE-1，Alus，和LTR,展示改变的模式，影响致瘤机制和肿瘤抑制机制。TE来源的核酸和肿瘤抗原在肿瘤免疫中起关键作用，桥接先天和适应性反应。鉴于它们在肿瘤学中的核心作用，TE靶向治疗，特别是通过逆转录酶抑制剂和表观遗传调节剂，代表了癌症治疗的新途径。将这些以TE为中心的策略与现有的化疗或免疫治疗方案相结合可以提高疗效，并为癌症治疗提供新的维度。这篇综述深入研究了最近的TE检测进展，探索它们在肿瘤发生和免疫调节中的多方面作用，讨论以TE为中心的新兴诊断和治疗方法，并预测癌症研究的未来方向。
