Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the pathophysiology of pain and the role of neuro-immune crosstalk in the development of acute and chronic pain (CP). Specifically, the review focuses on the role of immune cells involved in the innate and acquired immune response, emphasizing their bidirectional interactions with the nervous systems and discussing the implications of this crosstalk on acute and CP management.
RESULTS: In the last two decades, multiple studies have uncovered the important role of the immune system in initiating, maintaining, and resolving pain stimuli. Furthermore, researchers discovered that the immune system interacts tightly with the nervous system, creating a bidirectional crosstalk in which immune cells influence the response of peripheral and central nerve fibers while neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released by nociceptors directly and indirectly modulate the immune response. The neuro-immune crosstalk in acute and CP is a complex and not fully understood process that comprise the interactions of multiple diverse molecules, bidirectional interferences, and numerous redundant processes. Despite the complexity, important steps have been taken in recent years toward explaining the specific roles of each immune cell type and molecule in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of pain. These findings may set the basis for innovative therapeutic options that target the immune system, overcoming the limitations of current treatments in providing pain relief and the disadvantages associated with opioid therapy.
RESULTS: In the last two decades, multiple studies have uncovered the important role of the immune system in initiating, maintaining, and resolving pain stimuli. Furthermore, researchers discovered that the immune system interacts tightly with the nervous system, creating a bidirectional crosstalk in which immune cells influence the response of peripheral and central nerve fibers while neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released by nociceptors directly and indirectly modulate the immune response. The neuro-immune crosstalk in acute and CP is a complex and not fully understood process that comprise the interactions of multiple diverse molecules, bidirectional interferences, and numerous redundant processes. Despite the complexity, important steps have been taken in recent years toward explaining the specific roles of each immune cell type and molecule in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of pain. These findings may set the basis for innovative therapeutic options that target the immune system, overcoming the limitations of current treatments in providing pain relief and the disadvantages associated with opioid therapy.
摘要：
目的：这篇综述旨在总结目前有关疼痛的病理生理学和神经免疫串扰在急性和慢性疼痛（CP）发展中的作用的知识。具体来说,该综述着重于参与先天和获得性免疫反应的免疫细胞的作用，强调它们与神经系统的双向相互作用，并讨论这种串扰对急性和CP管理的影响。
结果：在过去的二十年中，多项研究揭示了免疫系统在启动中的重要作用，维护,解决疼痛刺激。此外，研究人员发现免疫系统与神经系统紧密相互作用，产生双向串扰，其中免疫细胞影响外周和中枢神经纤维的反应，而伤害性感受器释放的神经递质和神经肽直接和间接调节免疫反应。急性和CP中的神经免疫串扰是一个复杂且尚未完全理解的过程，包括多个不同分子的相互作用，双向干扰，和许多冗余的进程。尽管复杂,近年来，人们已经采取了重要步骤来解释每种免疫细胞类型和分子在启动过程中的特定作用，疼痛的维护和解决。这些发现可能为针对免疫系统的创新治疗方案奠定基础，克服了目前治疗在提供疼痛缓解方面的局限性和与阿片类药物治疗相关的缺点。
结果：在过去的二十年中，多项研究揭示了免疫系统在启动中的重要作用，维护,解决疼痛刺激。此外，研究人员发现免疫系统与神经系统紧密相互作用，产生双向串扰，其中免疫细胞影响外周和中枢神经纤维的反应，而伤害性感受器释放的神经递质和神经肽直接和间接调节免疫反应。急性和CP中的神经免疫串扰是一个复杂且尚未完全理解的过程，包括多个不同分子的相互作用，双向干扰，和许多冗余的进程。尽管复杂,近年来，人们已经采取了重要步骤来解释每种免疫细胞类型和分子在启动过程中的特定作用，疼痛的维护和解决。这些发现可能为针对免疫系统的创新治疗方案奠定基础，克服了目前治疗在提供疼痛缓解方面的局限性和与阿片类药物治疗相关的缺点。
