Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression are major public health problems globally. Evidence of linkage of common mental disorders (CMDs) including depression and anxiety disorders with DM is sparsely reported from community-based settings.
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to study the association between CMDs and DM among adult population (>30 years) residing in a rural area of North India.
METHODS: A community-based case-control study was conducted in 28 villages of Ballabgarh block of Faridabad district of Haryana. Cases (diabetes) were recruited from the community with at least 1 year of diabetes. Age- and sex-matched two neighborhood controls were selected from the same community. Diabetic status was confirmed using glycated hemoglobin. CMDs such as depression and anxiety disorders were screened using PRIME-MD Hindi version. Conditional logistic regression was used to study the relationship between diabetes and CMDs.
RESULTS: Total 211 cases (diabetic) and 273 controls (nondiabetic) were approached for the study, of which 173 cases and 175 controls were analyzed. Cases and controls were comparable with respect to age, sex, and socioeconomic status. CMDs were found more among cases as compared to controls (67.5% vs. 37.5%) (P < 0.001). On conditional logistic regression analysis, CMDs were significantly higher among diabetes cases (adjusted odds ratio - 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.9-5.2).
CONCLUSIONS: Strong evidence of coexistence of CMDs and DM from this population-based study necessitates the need of incorporation of management of CMDs into diabetes control program in India.
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to study the association between CMDs and DM among adult population (>30 years) residing in a rural area of North India.
METHODS: A community-based case-control study was conducted in 28 villages of Ballabgarh block of Faridabad district of Haryana. Cases (diabetes) were recruited from the community with at least 1 year of diabetes. Age- and sex-matched two neighborhood controls were selected from the same community. Diabetic status was confirmed using glycated hemoglobin. CMDs such as depression and anxiety disorders were screened using PRIME-MD Hindi version. Conditional logistic regression was used to study the relationship between diabetes and CMDs.
RESULTS: Total 211 cases (diabetic) and 273 controls (nondiabetic) were approached for the study, of which 173 cases and 175 controls were analyzed. Cases and controls were comparable with respect to age, sex, and socioeconomic status. CMDs were found more among cases as compared to controls (67.5% vs. 37.5%) (P < 0.001). On conditional logistic regression analysis, CMDs were significantly higher among diabetes cases (adjusted odds ratio - 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.9-5.2).
CONCLUSIONS: Strong evidence of coexistence of CMDs and DM from this population-based study necessitates the need of incorporation of management of CMDs into diabetes control program in India.
摘要：
背景：糖尿病（DM）和抑郁症是全球主要的公共卫生问题。社区环境中很少报道常见的精神障碍（CMD），包括抑郁症和焦虑症与DM的联系。
目的：本研究旨在研究居住在印度北部农村地区的成年人口（>30岁）中CMD与DM之间的关联。
方法：在哈里亚纳邦Faridabad区Ballabgarh街区的28个村庄进行了基于社区的病例对照研究。从社区招募患有至少1年糖尿病的病例（糖尿病）。从同一社区中选择年龄和性别匹配的两个邻居对照。使用糖化血红蛋白确认糖尿病状态。使用PRIME-MD印地语版本对抑郁症和焦虑症等CMD进行了筛查。采用条件logistic回归分析糖尿病与CMDs的关系。
结果：共211例（糖尿病）和273例对照（非糖尿病）进行了研究，其中173例和175例对照进行分析。病例和对照在年龄方面具有可比性，性别,和社会经济地位。与对照组相比，在病例中发现的CMD更多(67.5%vs.37.5%)(P<0.001)。在条件Logistic回归分析中，CMD在糖尿病病例中显著较高（校正比值比-3.2，95%置信区间：1.9-5.2）。
结论：来自这项基于人群的研究的CMD和DM共存的有力证据表明，印度有必要将CMD管理纳入糖尿病控制计划。
目的：本研究旨在研究居住在印度北部农村地区的成年人口（>30岁）中CMD与DM之间的关联。
方法：在哈里亚纳邦Faridabad区Ballabgarh街区的28个村庄进行了基于社区的病例对照研究。从社区招募患有至少1年糖尿病的病例（糖尿病）。从同一社区中选择年龄和性别匹配的两个邻居对照。使用糖化血红蛋白确认糖尿病状态。使用PRIME-MD印地语版本对抑郁症和焦虑症等CMD进行了筛查。采用条件logistic回归分析糖尿病与CMDs的关系。
结果：共211例（糖尿病）和273例对照（非糖尿病）进行了研究，其中173例和175例对照进行分析。病例和对照在年龄方面具有可比性，性别,和社会经济地位。与对照组相比，在病例中发现的CMD更多(67.5%vs.37.5%)(P<0.001)。在条件Logistic回归分析中，CMD在糖尿病病例中显著较高（校正比值比-3.2，95%置信区间：1.9-5.2）。
结论：来自这项基于人群的研究的CMD和DM共存的有力证据表明，印度有必要将CMD管理纳入糖尿病控制计划。
