Abstract：
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common and catastrophic hematological neoplasm with high mortality rates. Conventional therapies, including chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), immune therapy, and targeted agents, have unsatisfactory outcomes for AML patients due to drug toxicity, off-target effects, drug resistance, drug side effects, and AML relapse and refractoriness. These intrinsic limitations of current treatments have promoted the development and application of nanomedicine for more effective and safer leukemia therapy. In this review, the classification of nanoparticles applied in AML therapy, including liposomes, polymersomes, micelles, dendrimers, and inorganic nanoparticles, is reviewed. In addition, various strategies for enhancing therapeutic targetability in nanomedicine, including the use of conjugating ligands, biomimetic-nanotechnology, and bone marrow targeting, which indicates the potential to reverse drug resistance, are discussed. The application of nanomedicine for assisting immunotherapy is also involved. Finally, the advantages and possible challenges of nanomedicine for the transition from the preclinical phase to the clinical phase are discussed.
摘要：
急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)是一种常见的灾难性血液系统肿瘤,死亡率高。常规疗法,包括化疗,造血干细胞移植（HSCT），免疫疗法,和目标特工，由于药物毒性，AML患者的预后不理想，脱靶效应,耐药性,药物副作用,AML复发和难治性。当前治疗的这些内在局限性促进了纳米医学的发展和应用，以实现更有效，更安全的白血病治疗。在这次审查中,用于AML治疗的纳米颗粒的分类，包括脂质体,聚合物囊泡,胶束，树枝状聚合物,和无机纳米粒子，已审查。此外,在纳米医学中增强治疗靶向性的各种策略，包括使用共轭配体，仿生纳米技术，和骨髓靶向，这表明了逆转耐药性的潜力，正在讨论。还涉及纳米医学在辅助免疫治疗中的应用。最后,讨论了纳米医学从临床前阶段过渡到临床阶段的优势和可能面临的挑战。
