Abstract：
Since the advent of sequencing techniques and due to their continuous evolution, it has become easier and less expensive to obtain the complete genome sequence of any organism. Nevertheless, to elucidate all biological processes governing organism development, quality annotation is essential. In genome annotation, predicting gene structure is one of the most important and captivating challenges for computational biology. This aspect of annotation requires continual optimization, particularly for genomes as unusual as those of microsporidia. Indeed, this group of fungal-related parasites exhibits specific features (highly reduced gene sizes, sequences with high rate of evolution) linked to their evolution as intracellular parasites, requiring the implementation of specific annotation approaches to consider all these features. This review aimed to outline these characteristics and to assess the increasingly efficient approaches and tools that have enhanced the accuracy of gene prediction for microsporidia, both in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Subsequently, a final part will be dedicated to postgenomic approaches aimed at reinforcing the annotation data generated by prediction software. These approaches include the characterization of other understudied genes, such as those encoding regulatory noncoding RNAs or very small proteins, which also play crucial roles in the life cycle of these microorganisms.
摘要：
自从测序技术出现以来，由于它们的不断发展，获得任何生物体的完整基因组序列变得更容易和更便宜。然而，阐明控制生物体发育的所有生物过程，质量注释是必不可少的。在基因组注释中，预测基因结构是计算生物学最重要和最吸引人的挑战之一。注释的这一方面需要持续优化，特别是对于像微孢子虫这样不寻常的基因组。的确,这组真菌相关的寄生虫表现出特定的特征（高度减少的基因大小，具有高进化率的序列）与它们作为细胞内寄生虫的进化有关，需要实现特定的注释方法来考虑所有这些功能。这篇综述旨在概述这些特征，并评估提高微孢子虫基因预测准确性的日益有效的方法和工具。无论是敏感性还是特异性。随后，最后一部分将致力于旨在加强预测软件生成的注释数据的后基因组方法。这些方法包括表征其他未被研究的基因，例如那些编码调节性非编码RNA或非常小的蛋白质，在这些微生物的生命周期中也起着至关重要的作用。
