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Abstract：
The mangrove ecosystem has emerged as a fascinating source for exploring novel bioresources which have multiple applications in modern agriculture. This study evaluates the potential applications of mangrove endophytic fungi (MEF), such as biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani and as biofertilizers for improving the yield of fragrant rice variety Malaysian Rice Quality 76 (MRQ76). Through the antagonism assays, it is observed that among the 14 MEF studied, 4 fungal isolates (Colletotrichum sp. MEFN02, Aspergillus sp. MEFN06, Annulohypoxylon sp. MEFX02 and Aspergillus sp. MEFX10) exhibited promising antagonistic effect against the pathogen R. solani compared to the chemical fungicide (Benomyl). These isolates also revealed significant production of enzymes, phytochemicals, indoleacetic acid (40.96 mg/mL) and ammonia (32.54 mg/mL) and displayed tolerance to salt and temperature stress up to 2000 mM and >40 °C respectively. Furthermore, employing the germination and pathogenicity test, inoculation of these endophytes showed lower percentage of disease severity index (DSI%) against R. solani, ranging from (24 %-46 %) in MRQ76 rice seedlings. The in-vivo experiments of soil and seed inoculation methods conducted under greenhouse conditions revealed that these endophytes enhanced plant growth (8-15 % increase) and increased crop yield (≥50 %) in comparison to control treatments. The current findings provide valuable insights into eco-friendly, cost-effective and sustainable alternatives for addressing R. solani infection and improving the agronomic performance of the fragrant rice cultivar MRQ76, contributing to food security.
摘要：
红树林生态系统已成为探索在现代农业中具有多种应用的新型生物资源的迷人来源。本研究评估了红树林内生真菌（MEF）的潜在应用，例如针对枯萎病的生物防治剂，以及作为提高香稻品种马来西亚稻质76（MRQ76）产量的生物肥料。通过拮抗试验，据观察，在研究的14个MEF中，4种真菌分离株（Colletotrichumsp。MEFN02，曲霉属。MEFN06,Annulohypoxylonsp.MEFX02和曲霉属。与化学杀真菌剂（Benomyl）相比，MEFX10）对病原体R.solani表现出有希望的拮抗作用。这些分离物还揭示了大量的酶产生，植物化学物质,吲哚乙酸（40.96mg/mL）和氨（32.54mg/mL）分别对高达2000mM和>40°C的盐和温度胁迫表现出耐受性。此外，采用发芽和致病性测试，接种这些内生菌显示出较低百分比的疾病严重度指数（DSI％）对R.solani，范围从(24%-46%)MRQ76水稻幼苗。在温室条件下进行的土壤和种子接种方法的体内实验表明，与对照处理相比，这些内生菌增强了植物生长（增加8-15％）并增加了作物产量（≥50％）。当前的发现为环保提供了宝贵的见解，具有成本效益和可持续的替代方案，用于解决R.solani感染和改善芳香水稻品种MRQ76的农艺性能，有助于粮食安全。
