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Abstract：
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play vital roles in CNS development, homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Genetic defects in microglia lead to microglial dysfunction, which in turn leads to neurological disorders. The correction of the specific genetic defects in microglia in these disorders can lead to therapeutic effects. Traditional genetic defect correction approaches are dependent on viral vector-based genetic defect corrections. However, the viruses used in these approaches, including adeno-associated viruses, lentiviruses and retroviruses, do not primarily target microglia; therefore, viral vector-based genetic defect corrections are ineffective in microglia. Microglia replacement is a novel approach to correct microglial genetic defects via replacing microglia of genetic defects with allogenic healthy microglia. In this paper, we systematically review the history, rationale and therapeutic perspectives of microglia replacement, which would be a novel strategy for treating CNS disorders.
摘要：
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）中的常驻免疫细胞，在CNS发育中起着至关重要的作用。稳态和疾病的发病机制。小胶质细胞的遗传缺陷导致小胶质细胞功能障碍，进而导致神经系统疾病。纠正这些疾病中的小胶质细胞中的特定遗传缺陷可以导致治疗效果。传统的遗传缺陷校正方法依赖于基于病毒载体的遗传缺陷校正。然而,这些方法中使用的病毒，包括腺相关病毒，慢病毒和逆转录病毒，不主要针对小胶质细胞；因此，基于病毒载体的遗传缺陷校正在小胶质细胞中无效.小胶质细胞替代是一种通过用同种异体健康小胶质细胞替代遗传缺陷的小胶质细胞来纠正小胶质细胞遗传缺陷的新方法。在本文中,我们系统地回顾历史，小胶质细胞替代的基本原理和治疗观点，这将是治疗中枢神经系统疾病的新策略。
