PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Climate change may exacerbate the impact of invasive parasites from warmer climates through pre-existing temperature adaptations. We investigated temperature impacts on two closely related marine parasitic copepod species that share the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) as host: Mytilicola orientalis has invaded the system from a warmer climate <20 years ago, whereas its established congener Mytilicola intestinalis has had >90 years to adapt. In laboratory experiments with temperatures 10-26°C, covering current and future temperatures as well as heat waves, the development of both life cycle stages of both species accelerated with increasing temperature. In the parasitic stages, the growth of the established invader increased evenly from 10°C to 22°C, whereas the recent invader barely grew at all at 10°C and grew faster already at 18°C. In contrast, temperature had little effect on the transition success between life cycle stages. However, the highest temperature (26°C) limited the egg development success of the established invader and the host entry success of both species, whereas the infection success of the established invader increased at 18°C and 22°C. In general, our experiments indicate that the main effect of temperature on both species is through development speed and not life cycle stage transition success. Based on regional long-term temperature data and predictions, the numbers of completed life cycles per year will increase for both parasites. The established invader seems better adapted for low current temperatures (around 10°C), whereas the more recent invader barely develops at these temperatures but can cope in high temperatures (around 26°C). Hence, pre-existing temperature adaptations of the recent invader may allow the species to better cope with heat waves.
摘要：
气候变化可能会通过预先存在的温度适应来加剧来自温暖气候的侵入性寄生虫的影响。我们调查了温度对两种密切相关的海洋寄生co足类动物的影响，这些物种共享蓝色贻贝（Mytilusedulis）作为宿主：Mytilicolaorientalis从<20年前的温暖气候入侵了该系统，而其已建立的同源物Mytilicolatestininalis已经>90年适应。在温度为10-26°C的实验室实验中，覆盖当前和未来的温度以及热浪，随着温度的升高，两种物种的两个生命周期阶段的发展都加速。在寄生阶段，已建立的入侵者的生长从10°C平均增加到22°C，而最近的入侵者在10℃时几乎没有增长，在18℃时已经增长得更快了。相比之下,温度对生命周期阶段之间的过渡成功影响不大。然而,最高温度（26°C）限制了已建立的入侵者的卵发育成功和两个物种的宿主进入成功，而已建立的入侵者的感染成功率在18°C和22°C时增加。总的来说,我们的实验表明，温度对这两个物种的主要影响是通过发育速度而不是生命周期阶段过渡成功。根据区域长期温度数据和预测，两种寄生虫每年完成的生命周期数量都会增加。已建立的入侵者似乎更适合当前的低温（约10°C），而最近的入侵者在这些温度下几乎没有发展，但可以应对高温（约26°C）。因此，最近入侵者预先存在的温度适应可能使物种更好地应对热浪。
