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Abstract：
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Standard treatments including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have failed to significantly improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Currently, immunotherapeutic approaches based on vaccines, chimeric antigen-receptor T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic virotherapy are showing promising results in clinical trials. The combination of different immunotherapeutic approaches is proving satisfactory and promising. In view of the challenges of immunotherapy and the resistance of glioblastomas, the treatment of these tumors requires further efforts. In this review, we explore the obstacles that potentially influence the efficacy of the response to immunotherapy and that should be taken into account in clinical trials. This article provides a comprehensive review of vaccine therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, we identify the main biomarkers, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and telomerase reverse transcriptase, known as potential immunotherapeutic targets in glioblastoma, as well as the current status of clinical trials. This paper also lists proposed solutions to overcome the obstacles facing immunotherapy in glioblastomas.
摘要：
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最常见和侵袭性的恶性脑肿瘤。标准治疗包括手术切除，放射治疗,和化疗，未能显著改善胶质母细胞瘤患者的预后。目前,基于疫苗的免疫治疗方法，嵌合抗原受体T细胞，检查点抑制剂，和溶瘤病毒疗法在临床试验中显示出有希望的结果。不同免疫治疗方法的组合被证明是令人满意和有希望的。鉴于免疫疗法的挑战和胶质母细胞瘤的耐药性，这些肿瘤的治疗需要进一步的努力。在这次审查中,我们探讨了可能影响免疫疗法疗效的障碍,这些障碍应在临床试验中加以考虑.本文对胶质母细胞瘤的疫苗治疗进行了全面综述。此外,我们确定了主要的生物标志物，包括异柠檬酸脱氢酶,表皮生长因子受体，和端粒酶逆转录酶，被称为胶质母细胞瘤的潜在免疫治疗靶点，以及临床试验的现状。本文还列出了克服胶质母细胞瘤免疫治疗障碍的建议解决方案。
