PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Two U.S. cities require chain restaurants to label menu items that exceed 100% of the Daily Value (DV) for sodium, informing consumers and potentially prompting restaurant reformulation. To inform policy design for other localities, this study determined the percentage of the top 91 U.S. chain restaurants\' menu items that would be labeled if a warning policy were established for menu items exceeding the thresholds of 20%, 33%, 50%, 65%, and 100% of the sodium DV for adults. We obtained U.S. chain restaurants\' nutrition information from the 2019 MenuStat database and calculated the percentage of items requiring sodium warning labels across the food and beverage categories at all the restaurants and at the full- and limited-service restaurants separately. In total, 19,038 items were included in the analyses. A warning label covering items with >20%, >33%, >50%, >65%, and >100% of the sodium DV resulted in expected coverage of 42%, 30%, 20%, 13%, and 5% of menu items at all the restaurants, respectively. At each threshold, the average percentage of items labeled per restaurant was higher among the full-service restaurants than the limited-service restaurants. These results suggest that restaurant warning policies with a threshold of 100% of the sodium DV per item would cover a minority of high-sodium menu items and that lower thresholds should be considered to help U.S. consumers reduce their sodium consumption.
摘要：
美国两个城市要求连锁餐厅标注超过钠每日价值(DV)100%的菜单项，通知消费者，并可能促使餐厅重新配方。为其他地方的政策设计提供信息，这项研究确定了如果对超过20%阈值的菜单项制定警告政策，将被标记的美国前91家连锁餐厅菜单项的百分比，33%,50%,65%,和成人100%的钠DV。我们从2019年MenuStat数据库中获得了美国连锁餐厅的营养信息，并分别计算了所有餐厅以及全服务和有限服务餐厅在食品和饮料类别中需要钠警告标签的物品的百分比。总的来说,19,038个项目包括在分析中。包含>20%的项目的警告标签，>33%，>50%,>65%,>100%的钠DV导致42%的预期覆盖率，30%,20%,13%,和所有餐厅5%的菜单项，分别。在每个阈值，在提供全方位服务的餐厅中，每家餐厅标记的项目的平均百分比高于有限服务的餐厅。这些结果表明，每个项目的钠DV阈值为100％的餐厅警告政策将涵盖少数高钠菜单项，并且应考虑降低阈值以帮助美国消费者减少钠消费。
