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Abstract：
Long-distance transfer of genetic material and metabolites between rootstock and scions is well documented in homo-grafted hybrids but has rarely been reported in genetically-distant grafts where the rootstock and scion belong to different families. In this study, we grafted Vitis vinifera scions onto Schisandra chinensis stocks and obtained 20 vegetative hybrids, Vitis vinifera/Schisandra chinensis (Vs). After 25 years of growth, we found that the phenotypes of the leaves, internodes, and fruits of the Vs hybrids above the graft union resembled an intermediate phenotype between V. vinifera and S. chinensis, and the new traits were stable when propagated vegetatively. We further analyzed genetic differences between Vv plants and Vs hybrids using high-throughput sequencing, while metabolomes were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We found a total of 2113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs enriched mainly in oxidation-reduction and metabolic processes. Seventy-nine differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) containing 27 known miRNAs and 52 novel miRNAs were identified. A degradation analysis detected 840 target genes corresponding to 252 miRNAs, of which 12 DEMs and their corresponding target gene expression levels were mostly negatively correlated. Furthermore, 1188 differential metabolic compounds were identified. In particular, in Vs hybrids, the abundance of the metabolites schizandrin and gomisin as the main medicinal ingredients in S. chinensis were down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively. Our data demonstrated the effects of interfamily grafts on the phenotype, transcript profile and metabolites of the scion, and also provided new insight into the genetic, phenotypic, and metabolic plasticity associated with genetically distant grafted hybrids.
摘要：
在同嫁接杂种中，砧木和接穗之间的遗传物质和代谢物的长距离转移得到了很好的证明，但在砧木和接穗属于不同家庭的遗传远距离移植物中却很少有报道。在这项研究中,我们将葡萄接穗嫁接到五味子上，获得了20个营养杂种，葡萄/五味子（Vs）。经过25年的成长，我们发现叶子的表型，节间,移植物结合上方的Vs杂种的果实类似于V.vinifera和S.chinensis之间的中间表型，新性状在无性繁殖时是稳定的。我们使用高通量测序进一步分析了Vv植物和Vs杂种之间的遗传差异，而代谢组通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析。我们共发现2113个差异表达基因(DEGs)。GO注解和KEGG途径富集剖析显示这些DEGs主要富集在氧化还原和代谢进程中。鉴定了79种差异表达的miRNA（DEM），其中包含27种已知的miRNA和52种新的miRNA。降解分析检测到840个靶基因，对应于252个miRNAs，其中12种DEM与其相应的靶基因表达水平大多呈负相关。此外，鉴定了1188种差异代谢化合物。特别是,在Vs混合动力车中，以五味子为主要药用成分的代谢产物五味子甲素和苦参素的丰度下调和上调，分别。我们的数据证明了家族间移植物对表型的影响，接穗的转录谱和代谢物，还提供了对遗传的新见解，表型，和遗传远缘嫁接杂种相关的代谢可塑性。
