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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a primary headache disorder characterized by the sudden onset of continuous pain and its intractability to treatment. It is more prevalent in the pediatric population than the adult population, but remains understudied and underdiagnosed. The purpose of the current article is to provide a current overview of new daily persistent headache in the pediatric and adolescent population, including history, pathophysiology, clinical findings, current and emerging treatment options, and the results of recent studies and meta-analyses.
RESULTS: Despite recent studies and meta-analyses showing significant phenotypic overlap between chronic migraine and NDPH in the pediatric population, multiple recent studies have come to conflicting conclusions about the overlap of medication overuse in headache and pediatric NDPH. Recent studies reveal alterations in neuroimaging, particularly in functional connectivity, in patients with NDPH. Patients frequently remain treatment-refractory even to medications that have historically proven helpful in this population; however, new treatment options, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies, may be more effective.
CONCLUSIONS: NPDH remains a perplexing and difficult-to-manage condition for both children and adults. Despite a higher prevalence in the pediatric population, there are relatively few studies to guide the evaluation and treatment of NDPH in pediatric and adolescent patients. Early treatment, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, should be employed to reduce disability. Overall, further studies are needed to better understand pathogenesis and to identify more effective therapeutic strategies, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological.
RESULTS: Despite recent studies and meta-analyses showing significant phenotypic overlap between chronic migraine and NDPH in the pediatric population, multiple recent studies have come to conflicting conclusions about the overlap of medication overuse in headache and pediatric NDPH. Recent studies reveal alterations in neuroimaging, particularly in functional connectivity, in patients with NDPH. Patients frequently remain treatment-refractory even to medications that have historically proven helpful in this population; however, new treatment options, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies, may be more effective.
CONCLUSIONS: NPDH remains a perplexing and difficult-to-manage condition for both children and adults. Despite a higher prevalence in the pediatric population, there are relatively few studies to guide the evaluation and treatment of NDPH in pediatric and adolescent patients. Early treatment, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, should be employed to reduce disability. Overall, further studies are needed to better understand pathogenesis and to identify more effective therapeutic strategies, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological.
摘要：
目的：新的每日持续性头痛（NDPH）是一种原发性头痛疾病，其特征是突然发作的持续疼痛及其难以治疗。它在儿科人群中比成人人群更普遍，但仍未得到充分研究和诊断。本文的目的是提供儿科和青少年人群中每天新的持续性头痛的最新概述，包括历史,病理生理学,临床发现，当前和新兴的治疗方案，以及最近研究和荟萃分析的结果。
结果：尽管最近的研究和荟萃分析显示，儿科人群中慢性偏头痛和NDPH之间存在显著的表型重叠，最近的多项研究得出了关于头痛和小儿NDPH中药物过度使用重叠的相互矛盾的结论.最近的研究揭示了神经影像学的改变，特别是在功能连接方面，在NDPH患者中。患者经常保持治疗难治性，即使是历史上证明对这一人群有帮助的药物；然而，新的治疗方案,包括降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）单克隆抗体，可能更有效。
结论：NPDH对儿童和成人来说都是一种令人困惑且难以管理的疾病。尽管在儿科人群中患病率较高，指导儿童和青少年患者NDPH评估和治疗的研究相对较少。早期治疗,药理学和非药理学，应该被用来减少残疾。总的来说,需要进一步的研究来更好地了解发病机制并确定更有效的治疗策略，药理学和非药理学。
结果：尽管最近的研究和荟萃分析显示，儿科人群中慢性偏头痛和NDPH之间存在显著的表型重叠，最近的多项研究得出了关于头痛和小儿NDPH中药物过度使用重叠的相互矛盾的结论.最近的研究揭示了神经影像学的改变，特别是在功能连接方面，在NDPH患者中。患者经常保持治疗难治性，即使是历史上证明对这一人群有帮助的药物；然而，新的治疗方案,包括降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）单克隆抗体，可能更有效。
结论：NPDH对儿童和成人来说都是一种令人困惑且难以管理的疾病。尽管在儿科人群中患病率较高，指导儿童和青少年患者NDPH评估和治疗的研究相对较少。早期治疗,药理学和非药理学，应该被用来减少残疾。总的来说,需要进一步的研究来更好地了解发病机制并确定更有效的治疗策略，药理学和非药理学。
