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Abstract：
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are remarkably undifferentiated cells that originate from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. They possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types, making them invaluable in diverse applications such as disease modeling and the creation of transgenic animals. In recent years, as agricultural practices have evolved from traditional to biological breeding, it has become clear that pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), either ESCs or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are optimal for continually screening suitable cellular materials. However, the technologies for long-term in vitro culture or establishment of cell lines for PSCs in livestock are still immature, and research progress is uneven, which poses challenges for the application of PSCs in various fields. The establishment of a robust in vitro system for these cells is critically dependent on understanding their pluripotency maintenance mechanisms. It is believed that the combined effects of pluripotent transcription factors, pivotal signaling pathways, and epigenetic regulation contribute to maintaining their pluripotent state, forming a comprehensive regulatory network. This article will delve into the primary mechanisms underlying the maintenance of pluripotency in PSCs and elaborate on the applications of PSCs in the field of livestock.
摘要：
胚胎干细胞（ESC）是明显未分化的细胞，起源于胚泡的内部细胞团。它们具有自我更新和分化成多种细胞类型的能力，使它们在疾病建模和转基因动物的创造等多种应用中具有不可估量的价值。近年来,随着农业实践从传统育种发展到生物育种，很明显，多能干细胞（PSC），ESC或诱导多能干细胞（iPSC），是连续筛选合适的细胞材料的最佳选择。然而,家畜长期体外培养或建立PSC细胞系的技术还不成熟，研究进展参差不齐，这对PSC在各个领域的应用提出了挑战。这些细胞的强大体外系统的建立关键取决于了解其多能性维持机制。认为多能转录因子的联合作用,关键信号通路，表观遗传调控有助于维持它们的多能状态，形成一个全面的监管网络。本文将深入研究PSC多能性维持的主要机制，并详细阐述PSC在家畜领域的应用。
