PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
An estimate of the environmental impact of dairy farms in Northern Italy producing milk for hard cheese (protected designation of origin) has been obtained through a comprehensive life cycle assessment. The estimate focused on climate change (CC) and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) indicators, which were evaluated according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and interpreted with the aid of the feeds\' composition evaluated using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (Foss NIR-System 5000) as well as with a diet evaluation according to the NRC (National Research Council) or the CNCPS (Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System) nutrient requirement modeling. Herds were classified into high-, mid-, and low-performing based on the daily milk yield per cow. A lower impact on indicators was observed as herd performance increased. The high-performing herds had a lower contribution from enteric fermentation (6.30 × 10-1 kgCO2-eq), and the more milk that they produced allowed for a differentiation of CC from land use and transformation (2.39 × 10-1 kgCO2-eq), compared to low-performing herds (3.66 × 10-1 kgCO2-eq). Compared to the IPCC approach, the CC and POCP indicator estimates were reduced when addressing the feed\'s quality, particularly in mid- and high-performing herds. The results could be helpful in the dairy sector as they provide an insight into how diet quality affects the environmental impact of milk.
摘要：
通过全面的生命周期评估，已获得了意大利北部奶牛场生产硬质奶酪牛奶（受保护的原产地名称）对环境的影响的估计。估算集中在气候变化（CC）和光化学臭氧产生潜力（POCP）指标上，根据政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）指南进行评估，并借助使用近红外反射光谱法（FossNIR-System5000）评估的饲料组成以及根据NRC（国家研究委员会）或CNCPS（康奈尔净碳水化合物和蛋白质系统）营养需求模型进行的饮食评估进行解释。牛群被分类为高，mid-,根据每头奶牛的每日产奶量，表现不佳。随着牧群表现的增加，观察到对指标的影响较小。表现良好的牛群对肠道发酵的贡献较低（6.30×10-1kgCO2-eq），他们生产的牛奶越多，就可以将CC与土地利用和转化区分开（2.39×10-1kgCO2-eq），与低绩效牛群(3.66×10-1kgCO2-eq)相比。与IPCC的方法相比，在处理馈送质量时，CC和POCP指标估计值降低，特别是在中等和高表现的牛群中。该结果可能对乳制品行业有所帮助，因为它们可以深入了解饮食质量如何影响牛奶的环境影响。
