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Abstract：
Testicular development and spermatogenesis are tightly regulated by both coding and non-coding genes, with mRNA and lncRNA playing crucial roles in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. However, there are significant differences in regulatory mechanisms before and after sexual maturity. Nevertheless, the mRNAs and lncRNAs in the testes of Mongolian horses have not been systematically identified. In this study, we first identified the testicular tissues of sexually immature and sexually mature Mongolian horses at the tissue and protein levels, and comprehensively analyzed the expression profiles of mRNA and lncRNA in the testes of 1-year-old (12 months, n = 3) and 10-year-old (n = 3) Mongolian horses using RNA sequencing technology. Through gene expression analysis, we identified 16,582 mRNAs and 2128 unknown lncRNAs that are commonly expressed in both sexually immature and sexually mature Mongolian horses. Meanwhile, 9217 mRNAs (p < 0.05) and 2191 unknown lncRNAs (p < 0.05) were identified as differentially expressed between the two stages, which were further validated by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The analysis results showed that genes in the sexually immature stage were mainly enriched in terms related to cellular infrastructure, while genes in the sexually mature stage were enriched in terms associated with hormones, metabolism, and spermatogenesis. In summary, the findings of this study provide valuable resources for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development and spermatogenesis in Mongolian horses and offer new perspectives for future related research.
摘要：
睾丸发育和精子发生受到编码和非编码基因的严格调控，mRNA和lncRNA在转录后基因表达调控中起着至关重要的作用。然而,性成熟前后的调节机制存在显著差异。然而，蒙古马睾丸中的mRNAs和lncRNAs尚未被系统鉴定。在这项研究中,我们首先在组织和蛋白质水平上鉴定了性不成熟和性成熟的蒙古马的睾丸组织，并综合分析了1岁（12个月，n=3）和使用RNA测序技术的10岁（n=3）蒙古马。通过基因表达分析,我们鉴定了16,582个mRNAs和2128个未知的lncRNAs，它们通常在性未成熟和性成熟的蒙古马中表达。同时,9217个mRNAs（p<0.05）和2191个未知的lncRNAs（p<0.05）被鉴定为在两个阶段之间差异表达，通过实时荧光定量PCR进一步验证，并使用基因本体论（GO）和京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）进行分析。分析结果表明，性未成熟阶段的基因主要富集在与细胞基础设施相关的方面，虽然性成熟阶段的基因在与激素相关的方面得到了丰富，新陈代谢，和精子发生。总之,这项研究的发现为更深入地了解蒙古马睾丸发育和精子发生的分子机制提供了宝贵的资源，并为未来的相关研究提供了新的视角。
