PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Preschoolers with disabilities and their caregivers have been neglected in health and social service provision in most low-income countries and arguably also in low-resourced areas of more affluent nations. Yet as this rapid review of the published literature identifies, there are low-cost, evidence-based strategies to address their needs that can be implemented in communities by local people. Five key features of the necessary supports are examined. First, the leadership functions required to create and implement the support services. Second, the family-centred, home-based support provided to caregivers and the personnel undertaking this form of support. Third, providing opportunities for peer support to flourish and encouraging the formation of advocacy groups across families. Fourth, mobilizing the support of significant groups within the community: notably, traditional healers and leaders, health services and poverty alleviation initiatives. Fifth, devising ways in which preschool educational opportunities can be offered to children as a prelude to their inclusion in primary schools. The review serves a further purpose. It provides an example of how public health researchers and academics could achieve more rapid implementation of evidence-based knowledge into existing and new support services through dissemination to community practitioners.
摘要：
在大多数低收入国家，可以说在较富裕国家的资源匮乏的地区，残疾学龄前儿童及其照顾者在提供保健和社会服务方面被忽视。然而，正如这份对已发表文献的快速回顾所确定的那样，有低成本的，以证据为基础的战略，以满足他们的需求，可以在当地人民的社区实施。检查了必要支架的五个关键特征。首先,创建和实施支持服务所需的领导职能。第二,以家庭为中心，向护理人员和承担这种形式支持的人员提供家庭支持。第三，为同伴支持提供蓬勃发展的机会，并鼓励跨家庭成立倡导团体。第四，动员社区内重要群体的支持:特别是，传统的治疗师和领导者，卫生服务和扶贫倡议。第五,设计如何向儿童提供学前教育机会，作为他们融入小学的前奏。审查还有进一步的目的。它提供了一个例子，说明公共卫生研究人员和学者如何通过向社区从业人员传播，将循证知识更快速地应用到现有和新的支持服务中。
