PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Petrified ear (PE), an exceptional entity, stands for the calcification ± ossification of auricular cartilage (CAC/OAC); its pathogenic traits are still an open matter. Endocrine panel represents one of the most important; yet, no standard protocol of assessments is available. Our objective was to highlight most recent PE data and associated endocrine (versus non-endocrine) ailments in terms of presentation, imagery tools, hormonal assessments, biopsy, outcome, pathogenic features. This was a comprehensive review via PubMed search (January 2000-March 2024). A total of 75 PE subjects included: 46 case reports/series (N = 49) and two imagery-based retrospective studies (N = 26) with CAC/OAC prevalence of 7-23% (N = 251) amid routine head/temporal bone CT scans. Endocrine PE (EPE): N = 23, male/female ratio = 10.5; average age = 56.78, ranges: 22-79; non-EPE cohort: N = 26; male/female ratio = 1.88, mean age = 49.44; ranges: 18-75 (+a single pediatric case).The longest post-diagnosis follow-up was of 6-7 years. The diagnosis of PE and endocrine anomalies was synchronous or not (time gap of 10-20 years). A novel case in point (calcified EPE amid autoimmune poly-endocrine syndrome type 2 with a 10-year post-diagnosis documented follow-up) was introduced. We re-analyzed EPE and re-classified another five subjects as such. Hence, the final EPE cohort (N = 50) showed: adrenal insufficiency was the most frequent endocrine condition (36%) followed by hypopituitarism (22%) and hypothyroidism (18%); 39% of the patients with adrenal failure had Addison\'s disease; primary type represented 72% of all cases with hypothyroidism; an endocrine autoimmune (any type) component was diagnosed in 18%. We propose the term of \"endocrine petrified ear\" and a workflow algorithm to assess the potential hormonal/metabolic background in PE.
摘要：
石化耳朵（PE），一个特殊的实体，代表耳廓软骨的钙化±骨化（CAC/OAC）；其致病特征仍然是一个开放的问题。内分泌专家组代表了最重要的一个；然而，目前尚无标准评估方案.我们的目标是强调最新的PE数据和相关的内分泌（与非内分泌）疾病的表现，图像工具,荷尔蒙评估，活检,结果,致病特征。这是通过PubMed搜索（2000年1月至2024年3月）进行的全面审查。共有75例PE受试者包括：46例病例报告/系列（N=49）和两项基于图像的回顾性研究（N=26），在常规头部/颞骨CT扫描中，CAC/OAC患病率为7-23％（N=251）。内分泌PE（EPE）：N=23，男女比例=10.5；平均年龄=56.78，范围：22-79；非EPE队列：N=26；男女比例=1.88，平均年龄=49.44；范围：18-75（单个儿科病例）。最长的诊断后随访6-7年。PE和内分泌异常的诊断是否同步（时间间隔为10-20年）。介绍了一个新的病例（在2型自身免疫性多内分泌综合征中钙化的EPE，并在诊断后进行了10年的随访）。我们重新分析了EPE，并重新分类了另外五个主题。因此，最终的EPE队列(N=50)显示:肾上腺功能不全是最常见的内分泌疾病(36%),其次是垂体功能减退(22%)和甲状腺功能减退(18%);39%的肾上腺衰竭患者患有Addison病;原发性类型占所有甲状腺功能减退病例的72%;18%的患者诊断为内分泌自身免疫性(任何类型)。我们提出了“内分泌石化耳朵”的术语和工作流算法来评估PE中潜在的激素/代谢背景。
