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Abstract：
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a significant oncological challenge due to its heterogeneous nature and limited treatment options. The PAX developmental gene family encodes nine highly conserved transcription factors that play crucial roles in embryonic development and organogenesis, which have been implicated in the occurrence and development of RCC. This review explores the molecular landscape of RCC, with a specific focus on the role of the PAX gene family in RCC tumorigenesis and disease progression. Of the various RCC subtypes, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent, characterized by the loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. Here, we review the published literature on the expression patterns and functional implications of PAX genes, particularly PAX2 and PAX8, in the three most common RCC subtypes, including ccRCC, papillary RCC (PRCC), and chromophobe RCC (ChRCC). Further, we review the interactions and potential biological mechanisms involving PAX genes and VHL loss in driving the pathogenesis of RCC, including the key signaling pathways mediated by VHL in ccRCC and associated mechanisms implicating PAX. Lastly, concurrent with our update regarding PAX gene research in RCC, we review and comment on the targeting of PAX towards the development of novel RCC therapies.
摘要：
肾细胞癌（RCC）是一个重要的肿瘤学挑战，由于其异质性和有限的治疗选择。PAX发育基因家族编码9个高度保守的转录因子，在胚胎发育和器官发生中起着至关重要的作用。这与碾压混凝土的发生和发展有关。本文探讨了碾压混凝土的分子景观，特别关注PAX基因家族在RCC肿瘤发生和疾病进展中的作用。在各种碾压混凝土亚型中，肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)是最常见的,以vonHippel-Lindau（VHL）抑癌基因丢失为特征。这里,我们回顾了已发表的有关PAX基因的表达模式和功能含义的文献，特别是PAX2和PAX8，在三种最常见的RCC亚型中，包括ccRCC，乳头状RCC（PRCC），和发色细胞RCC（ChRCC）。Further,我们综述了PAX基因和VHL缺失在RCC发病机制中的相互作用和潜在的生物学机制。包括ccRCC中VHL介导的关键信号通路和与PAX相关的机制。最后,与我们关于RCC中PAX基因研究的最新情况同时，我们回顾并评论了PAX靶向新型RCC疗法的发展。
