PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Melanoma, originating through malignant transformation of melanin-producing melanocytes, is a formidable malignancy, characterized by local invasiveness, recurrence, early metastasis, resistance to therapy, and a high mortality rate. This review discusses etiologic and risk factors for melanoma, diagnostic and prognostic tools, including recent advances in molecular biology, omics, and bioinformatics, and provides an overview of its therapy. Since the incidence of melanoma is rising and mortality remains unacceptably high, we discuss its inherent properties, including melanogenesis, that make this disease resilient to treatment and propose to use AI to solve the above complex and multidimensional problems. We provide an overview on vitamin D and its anticancerogenic properties, and report recent advances in this field that can provide solutions for the prevention and/or therapy of melanoma. Experimental papers and clinicopathological studies on the role of vitamin D status and signaling pathways initiated by its active metabolites in melanoma prognosis and therapy are reviewed. We conclude that vitamin D signaling, defined by specific nuclear receptors and selective activation by specific vitamin D hydroxyderivatives, can provide a benefit for new or existing therapeutic approaches. We propose to target vitamin D signaling with the use of computational biology and AI tools to provide a solution to the melanoma problem.
摘要：
黑色素瘤,通过产生黑色素的黑素细胞的恶性转化，是一种可怕的恶性肿瘤，以当地侵入性为特征，复发,早期转移,抵抗治疗,和高死亡率。这篇综述讨论了黑色素瘤的病因和危险因素，诊断和预后工具，包括分子生物学的最新进展，组学，和生物信息学，并概述了其治疗方法。由于黑色素瘤的发病率正在上升，死亡率仍然高得令人无法接受，我们讨论它的固有性质，包括黑色素生成，这使得这种疾病能够适应治疗，并建议使用人工智能来解决上述复杂和多维的问题。我们概述了维生素D及其抗毒化特性，并报告了该领域的最新进展，这些进展可以为预防和/或治疗黑色素瘤提供解决方案。综述了维生素D状态及其活性代谢产物启动的信号通路在黑色素瘤预后和治疗中的作用的实验文献和临床病理研究。我们得出结论，维生素D信号，由特定的核受体和特定的维生素D羟基衍生物的选择性激活定义，可以为新的或现有的治疗方法提供益处。我们建议使用计算生物学和AI工具来靶向维生素D信号，以提供黑色素瘤问题的解决方案。
