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Abstract：
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria has become a critical global One Health issue, mainly attributed to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in human and agricultural settings. Regional and local AMR surveillance data is essential for implementing awareness and mitigation strategies. This article assesses AMR frequency in 1604 bacterial isolates consisting of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. isolated from diverse sources in Virginia, including farm animals, wildlife, environment, and food samples from 2007 to 2021. The results are based on the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assessment method of susceptibility to select antimicrobial agents, spanning nine distinct categories approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. Streptomycin (STR) and tetracycline (TCY) exhibited the highest frequency of resistance in E. coli (39.1%) and Salmonella (25.2%), respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was evident in 6.6% of E. coli and 10.9% of Salmonella isolates. Notably, 51% of E. coli and 36% of Salmonella isolates demonstrated resistance to more than one antimicrobial. None of the tested antimicrobials guaranteed effectiveness against the bacteria isolated from the surveyed sources and regions. The study found heightened MDR and distinct AMR patterns in bacteria isolated from food products compared to other sampled sources. These findings are vital for comprehending the current AMR landscape, prompting the development of strategies to mitigate the emergence of AMR bacteria, and advocating prudent antimicrobial use from a One Health perspective.
摘要：
抗菌素耐药性（AMR）细菌的出现已成为全球一个重要的健康问题。主要归因于抗微生物剂在人类和农业环境中的广泛使用。区域和地方AMR监测数据对于实施认识和缓解战略至关重要。本文评估了由大肠杆菌（E.大肠杆菌）和沙门氏菌属。从弗吉尼亚州的不同来源中分离出来，包括农场动物,野生动物,环境,以及2007年至2021年的食品样本。结果基于Kirby-Bauer椎间盘扩散评估方法对选择抗菌药物的敏感性，涵盖了美国食品和药物管理局批准用于临床用途的9个不同类别。链霉素(STR)和四环素(TCY)在大肠杆菌(39.1%)和沙门氏菌(25.2%)中表现出最高的耐药频率,分别。多重耐药性(MDR)在6.6%的大肠杆菌和10.9%的沙门氏菌分离株中明显。值得注意的是,51%的大肠杆菌和36%的沙门氏菌分离株表现出对一种以上的抗微生物剂的抗性。测试的抗微生物剂都不能保证对从调查来源和地区分离的细菌的有效性。研究发现，与其他采样来源相比，从食品中分离出的细菌中的MDR和AMR模式增强。这些发现对于理解当前的AMR格局至关重要，促使制定减轻AMR细菌出现的策略，并从一个健康的角度提倡谨慎使用抗菌药物。
