Abstract：
Although a rare diagnosis in the Emergency Department, hypothermia affects patients in all environments, from urban to mountainous settings. Classic signs of death cannot be interpreted in the hypothermic patient, thus resulting in the mantra, \"No one is dead until they\'re warm and dead.\" This comprehensive review of environmental hypothermia covers the clinical significance and pathophysiology of hypothermia, pearls and pitfalls in the prehospital management of hypothermia (including temperature measurement techniques and advanced cardiac life support deviations), necessary Emergency Department diagnostics, available rewarming modalities including extracorporeal life support, and criteria for termination of resuscitation.
摘要：
虽然在急诊科罕见的诊断，低温会影响所有环境中的患者，从城市到山区。在低体温患者中无法解释经典的死亡迹象，从而导致了咒语，“没有人是死的，直到他们温暖和死亡。“对环境低温的全面回顾涵盖了低温的临床意义和病理生理学，低体温院前管理中的珍珠和陷阱（包括温度测量技术和先进的心脏生命支持偏差），必要的急诊科诊断，可用的复温方式，包括体外生命支持，和终止复苏的标准。
