Abstract：
Osteoporosis weakens the structural strength of bone to such an extent that normal daily activity may exceed the capacity of the vertebra to bear this load. Vertebral fracture and deformity is a hallmark of osteoporosis. The detriment of trabecular bone properties alone cannot explain the occurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. The ability of the spine to bear and resist loads depends on the structural capacity of the vertebrae, but also on loading conditions arising from activities of daily living or low-energy trauma. This review describes the mechanical properties of the vertebral bone, the structural load-bearing capacity of the various elements forming the spine, the neuromuscular control of the trunk, as well as the biomechanics of the loads to which the spine is subjected in relation to the presence of osteoporosis and the risk of vertebral fracture. A better understanding of biomechanical factors may help to explain both the high incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and their mechanism of production. Consideration of these issues may be important in the development of prevention and management strategies.
摘要：
骨质疏松症削弱了骨骼的结构强度，以至于正常的日常活动可能超过椎骨承受这种负荷的能力。椎体骨折和畸形是骨质疏松症的标志。仅小梁骨特性的损害不能解释骨质疏松性椎体骨折的发生。脊柱承受和抵抗载荷的能力取决于椎骨的结构能力，而且在日常生活活动或低能创伤引起的负荷条件下也是如此。这篇综述描述了椎骨的力学性能，形成脊柱的各种元件的结构承载能力，躯干的神经肌肉控制，以及与骨质疏松症的存在和椎骨骨折的风险有关的脊柱所承受的载荷的生物力学。更好地了解生物力学因素可能有助于解释骨质疏松性椎体骨折的高发生率及其产生机制。考虑这些问题在制定预防和管理战略方面可能很重要。
