Abstract：
This comprehensive scientific review evaluates the effectiveness of nature-based solutions (NBS) in reducing antibiotics (ABs), combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and controlling pathogens in various aquatic environments at different river catchment levels. It covers conventional and innovative treatment wetland configurations for wastewater treatment to reduce pollutant discharge into the aquatic ecosystems as well as exploring how river restoration and saltmarshes can enhance pollutant removal. Through the analysis of experimental studies and case examples, the review shows NBS\'s potential for providing sustainable and cost-effective solutions to improve the health of aquatic ecosystems. It also evaluates the use of diagnostic indicators to predict NBS effectiveness in removing specific pollutants such as ABs and AMR. The review concludes that NBS are feasible for addressing the new challenges stemming from human activities such as the presence of ABs, AMR and pathogens, contributing to a better understanding of NBS, highlighting success stories, addressing knowledge gaps, and providing recommendations for future research and implementation.
摘要：
这项全面的科学审查评估了基于自然的解决方案（NBS）在减少抗生素（ABs）方面的有效性。对抗抗菌素耐药性（AMR），并在不同河流集水区的各种水生环境中控制病原体。它涵盖了用于废水处理的常规和创新处理湿地配置，以减少污染物排放到水生生态系统中，以及探索河流恢复和盐沼如何增强污染物去除。通过实验研究和案例分析,该审查显示了NBS为改善水生生态系统健康提供可持续和具有成本效益的解决方案的潜力。它还评估了诊断指标的使用情况，以预测NBS去除特定污染物如ABs和AMR的有效性。审查得出的结论是，国家统计局在应对诸如ABR之类的人类活动带来的新挑战方面是可行的，AMR和病原体，有助于更好地理解国家统计局，突出成功故事，解决知识差距，并为未来的研究和实施提供建议。
