Abstract：
Oil-contaminated soil posed serious threats to the ecosystems and human health. The unique and tunable properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) enable new technologies for removing and repairing oil-contaminated soil. However, few studies systematically examined the linkage between the change of physicochemical properties and the removal efficiency and environmental functions (e.g., potential risk) of ENMs, which is vital for understanding the ENMs environmental sustainability and utilization as a safety product. Thus, this review briefly summarized the environmental applications of ENMs to removing petroleum oil from complex soil systems: Theoretical and practical fundamentals (e.g., excellent physicochemical properties, environmental stability, controlled release, and recycling technologies), and various ENMs (e.g., iron-based, carbon-based, and metal oxides nanomaterials) remediation case studies. Afterward, this review highlights the removing mechanism (e.g., adsorption, photocatalysis, oxidation/reduction, biodegradation) and the impact factor (e.g., nanomaterials species, natural organic matter, and soil matrix) of ENMs during the remediation process in soil ecosystems. Both positive and negative effects of ENMs on terrestrial organisms have been identified, which are mainly derived from their diverse physicochemical properties. In linking nanotechnology applications for repairing oil-contaminated soil back to the physical and chemical properties of ENMs, this critical review aims to raise the research attention on using ENMs as a fundamental guide or even tool to advance soil treatment technologies.
摘要：
石油污染土壤对生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁。工程纳米材料（ENM）的独特和可调特性使去除和修复石油污染土壤的新技术成为可能。然而,很少有研究系统地研究了物理化学性质的变化与去除效率和环境功能之间的联系(例如，潜在风险)的ENM，这对于理解ENM环境可持续性和作为安全产品的利用至关重要。因此，这篇综述简要总结了ENM在从复杂土壤系统中去除石油的环境应用：理论和实践基础(例如，优异的物理化学性能，环境稳定,控释,和回收技术)，和各种ENM(例如，铁基,碳基,和金属氧化物纳米材料)修复案例研究。之后,这篇综述强调了删除机制(例如，吸附，光催化,氧化/还原，生物降解)和影响因子(例如，纳米材料种类，天然有机物,和土壤基质）在土壤生态系统的修复过程中的ENM。已经确定了ENM对陆地生物的正面和负面影响，它们主要来源于它们不同的物理化学性质。将修复石油污染土壤的纳米技术应用与ENM的物理和化学性质联系起来，这篇重要的综述旨在提高人们对使用ENM作为推进土壤处理技术的基本指南甚至工具的研究关注。
