Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant global public health challenge. Among the various clinical complications associated with CKD, olfactory dysfunction has been identified as a factor that substantially affects the quality of life of patients. This study aims to systematically explore the prevalence, implications, and therapeutic avenues of anosmia in CKD patients. This scoping review utilized the Arksey and O\'Malley framework, incorporating the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The research question, formulated using the PIO framework, guided a thorough search of databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Cochrane Library and gray literature sources. Eligibility criteria focused on studies involving CKD patients with olfactory dysfunctions. From an initial pool of 832 articles, 17 studies met the criteria, providing insights into olfactory alterations in 4,025 CKD patients. The data that have been reported, define that 55,34% of the sample experienced olfactory changes and the 8.5% experienced anosmia. This review revealed a complex interplay of factors contributing to olfactory alterations, including uremic toxins, dialysis procedures, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition. Findings suggested the potential recovery of olfactory function following kidney transplantation. Various assessment tools were utilized, with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and Sniffin\' Sticks emerging as the primary instruments. The observed variability in findings highlights the need for continued research to understand the mechanisms, enhance therapies, and improve quality of life for CKD patients with olfactory dysfunctions. Future studies should employ standardized methods, explore new assessment tools, and prioritize longitudinal assessments to advance our understanding and management of olfactory dysfunctions in this population.
摘要:
背景:慢性肾脏病(CKD)是一个重大的全球公共卫生挑战。在与CKD相关的各种临床并发症中,嗅觉功能障碍已被确定为严重影响患者生活质量的因素.本研究旨在系统地探讨患病率,含义,CKD患者嗅觉缺失的治疗途径。
方法:此范围审查使用了Arksey和O\'Malley框架,结合乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的方法,并遵循PRISMA-ScR准则。研究问题,使用PIO框架制定,指导了对数据库的彻底搜索(PubMed/Medline,Embase,CINAHL,Cochrane图书馆)和灰色文献来源。资格标准集中于涉及患有嗅觉功能障碍的CKD患者的研究。
结果:从最初的832篇文章中,17项研究符合标准,提供对4025例CKD患者嗅觉改变的见解。已经报告的数据,定义55,34%的样本经历了嗅觉变化,8.5%的样本经历了嗅觉缺失。这篇综述揭示了导致嗅觉改变的因素的复杂相互作用,包括尿毒症毒素,透析程序,电解质失衡,和营养不良。研究结果表明,肾移植后嗅觉功能可能恢复。利用了各种评估工具,宾夕法尼亚大学气味识别测试和Sniffin\'棒正在成为主要工具。
结论:观察到的研究结果的可变性突出表明需要继续研究以了解机制,加强治疗,改善伴有嗅觉功能障碍的CKD患者的生活质量。未来的研究应该采用标准化的方法,探索新的评估工具,并优先考虑纵向评估,以提高我们对该人群嗅觉功能障碍的理解和管理。