Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The cognitive model of negative symptoms of schizophrenia suggests that defeatist performance beliefs (DPB), or overgeneralized negative beliefs about one\'s performance, are an intermediary variable along the pathway from impaired neurocognitive performance to negative symptoms and functioning in daily life. Although reliable associations between these variables have been established in chronic schizophrenia, less is known about the nature of these relationships in recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSz). This current study tested the associations between DPB and variables in the cognitive model (neurocognitive performance, negative symptoms, functioning) as well as mediation by DPB of the association between neurocognitive performance and negative symptoms in ROSz.
METHODS: A total of 52 participants (32 adults with ROSz and 20 non-psychiatric healthy comparators; HC) completed in-lab measures of neurocognitive performance, self-reported defeatist performance beliefs, and clinician administered measures of negative symptoms and functional outcome. Bivariate relationships among these variables were tested with Pearson correlations. Bootstrapped regression analyses were conducted to test the strength of the indirect effect of neurocognitive performance on negative symptoms through DPB.
RESULTS: Defeatist performance beliefs were significantly elevated in ROSz, and were associated with neurocognitive performance, negative symptoms, and functional outcome as predicted by the cognitive model. There was a significant indirect effect of neurocognition on experiential negative symptoms through DPB, indicating DPB are a partial mediator of the relationship between neurocognitive performance and negative symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the cognitive model of negative symptoms and extend previous findings in both ROSz and established schizophrenia. Specifically, these data demonstrate that DPB are elevated among ROSz and the associations with neurocognition and clinical outcomes (e.g., negative symptoms and functioning) are of similar magnitude to those reported in chronic schizophrenia. DPB may therefore be a viable treatment target in the early course of illness.
METHODS: A total of 52 participants (32 adults with ROSz and 20 non-psychiatric healthy comparators; HC) completed in-lab measures of neurocognitive performance, self-reported defeatist performance beliefs, and clinician administered measures of negative symptoms and functional outcome. Bivariate relationships among these variables were tested with Pearson correlations. Bootstrapped regression analyses were conducted to test the strength of the indirect effect of neurocognitive performance on negative symptoms through DPB.
RESULTS: Defeatist performance beliefs were significantly elevated in ROSz, and were associated with neurocognitive performance, negative symptoms, and functional outcome as predicted by the cognitive model. There was a significant indirect effect of neurocognition on experiential negative symptoms through DPB, indicating DPB are a partial mediator of the relationship between neurocognitive performance and negative symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the cognitive model of negative symptoms and extend previous findings in both ROSz and established schizophrenia. Specifically, these data demonstrate that DPB are elevated among ROSz and the associations with neurocognition and clinical outcomes (e.g., negative symptoms and functioning) are of similar magnitude to those reported in chronic schizophrenia. DPB may therefore be a viable treatment target in the early course of illness.
摘要：
背景：精神分裂症阴性症状的认知模型表明，失败主义表现信念（DPB），或者对自己的表现过于笼统的消极信念，是从神经认知功能受损到日常生活中的阴性症状和功能的过程中的中介变量。尽管在慢性精神分裂症中已经建立了这些变量之间的可靠关联，对近期发作精神分裂症(ROSz)中这些关系的性质知之甚少。本研究测试了DPB与认知模型中变量(神经认知表现，阴性症状,功能）以及DPB对ROSz中神经认知表现与阴性症状之间的关联的调解。
方法：共有52名参与者（32名具有ROSz的成年人和20名非精神病健康比较者；HC）完成了神经认知表现的实验室测量，自我报告的失败者表现信念，和临床医生对阴性症状和功能结局进行测量。用Pearson相关性检验了这些变量之间的双变量关系。进行自举回归分析以测试通过DPB的神经认知表现对阴性症状的间接影响的强度。
结果：在ROSz中，Defeatist表现信念显着提高，并与神经认知能力有关，阴性症状,和认知模型预测的功能结果。通过DPB，神经认知对经验阴性症状有显著的间接影响，表明DPB是神经认知能力和阴性症状之间关系的部分中介。
结论：这些发现与阴性症状的认知模型一致，并扩展了ROSz和既定精神分裂症的先前发现。具体来说,这些数据表明，ROSz中DPB升高，与神经认知和临床结果相关(例如，阴性症状和功能）与慢性精神分裂症中报道的相似。因此，DPB可能是疾病早期的可行治疗目标。
方法：共有52名参与者（32名具有ROSz的成年人和20名非精神病健康比较者；HC）完成了神经认知表现的实验室测量，自我报告的失败者表现信念，和临床医生对阴性症状和功能结局进行测量。用Pearson相关性检验了这些变量之间的双变量关系。进行自举回归分析以测试通过DPB的神经认知表现对阴性症状的间接影响的强度。
结果：在ROSz中，Defeatist表现信念显着提高，并与神经认知能力有关，阴性症状,和认知模型预测的功能结果。通过DPB，神经认知对经验阴性症状有显著的间接影响，表明DPB是神经认知能力和阴性症状之间关系的部分中介。
结论：这些发现与阴性症状的认知模型一致，并扩展了ROSz和既定精神分裂症的先前发现。具体来说,这些数据表明，ROSz中DPB升高，与神经认知和临床结果相关(例如，阴性症状和功能）与慢性精神分裂症中报道的相似。因此，DPB可能是疾病早期的可行治疗目标。
