Abstract：
A substantial development in nanoscale materials possessing catalytic activities comparable with natural enzymes has been accomplished. Their advantages were owing to the excellent sturdiness in an extreme environment, possibilities of their large-scale production resulting in higher profitability, and easy manipulation for modification. Despite these advantages, the main challenge for artificial enzyme mimetics is the lack of substrate selectivity where natural enzymes flourish. This review addresses this vital problem by introducing substrate selectivity strategies to three classes of artificial enzymes: molecularly imprinted polymers, nanozymes (NZs), and DNAzymes. These rationally designed strategies enhance the substrate selectivity and are discussed and exemplified throughout the review. Various functional mechanisms associated with applying enzyme mimetics in biosensing and bioassays are also given. Eventually, future directives toward enhancing the substrate selectivity of biomimetics and related challenges are discussed and evaluated based on their efficiency and convenience in biosensing and bioassays.
摘要：
已经完成了具有与天然酶相当的催化活性的纳米级材料的实质性发展。它们的优势是由于在极端环境中具有出色的坚固性，他们大规模生产的可能性导致更高的盈利能力，和易于操作的修改。尽管有这些优势,人工酶模拟物的主要挑战是缺乏天然酶蓬勃发展的底物选择性。这篇综述通过将底物选择性策略引入三类人工酶来解决这一重要问题：分子印迹聚合物，纳米酶（NZs），和DNA酶。这些合理设计的策略增强了底物选择性，并在整个综述中进行了讨论和举例说明。还给出了与在生物传感和生物测定中应用酶模拟物相关的各种功能机制。最终,基于生物传感和生物测定中的效率和便利性，讨论和评估了增强仿生物质底物选择性的未来指令和相关挑战。
