METHODS: In August 2020, census-matched participants from high- and low-prevalence regions in the United States and Italy (N = 857) completed assessments of COVID-19 worry, social interaction, depression symptoms, and well-being.
RESULTS: Worries about COVID-19 predicted both more social interaction and more depression (ps < 0.001). In multiple mediational analyses, an adaptive pathway of COVID-19 worry through social interaction was associated with higher well-being, whereas a maladaptive pathway through depression symptoms was associated with lower well-being. Further, a comparison of high and low COVID-19 prevalence regions replicated the mediational findings for social interaction, providing evidence against reverse causation and common method variance.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that normative worries about acute stressors may both benefit and undermine well-being, depending on their impact on social behavior or depression symptoms.
方法:2020年8月,来自美国和意大利高流行和低流行地区的人口普查匹配参与者(N=857)完成了对COVID-19担忧的评估,社交互动,抑郁症状,和幸福。
结果:对COVID-19的担忧预测了更多的社交互动和更多的抑郁(ps<0.001)。在多重中介分析中,通过社交互动的COVID-19担忧的适应性途径与更高的幸福感有关,而通过抑郁症状的适应不良途径与较低的幸福感相关。Further,对COVID-19高患病率和低患病率地区的比较复制了社交互动的中介结果,提供反对反向因果关系和常见方法差异的证据。
结论:研究结果表明,对急性压力源的规范性担忧可能既有利于又损害幸福感,取决于它们对社会行为或抑郁症状的影响。