Abstract：
Vasopressin or arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide molecule known for its antidiuretic effects and serves to regulate plasma osmolality and blood pressure. The existing literature suggests that AVP plays a multifaceted-though less well-known-role in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in relation to the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Animal models have demonstrated that AVP is implicated in regulating social cognition, affiliative and prosocial behaviors, and aggression, often in conjunction with oxytocin. In humans, AVP is implicated in mood disorders through its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as well as on the serotoninergic and glutamatergic systems. Measuring plasma AVP has yielded interesting but mixed results in mood and stress-related disorders. Recent advances have led to the development of copeptin as a stable and reliable surrogate biomarker for AVP. Another interesting but relatively unexplored issue is the interaction between the osmoregulatory system and mood disorder pathophysiology, given that psychotropic medications often cause dysregulation of AVP receptor expression or signaling that can subsequently lead to clinical syndromes like syndrome of inappropriate diuresis and diabetes insipidus. Finally, pharmaceutical trials of agents that act on V1a and V1b receptor antagonists are still underway. This narrative review summarizes: (1) the neurobiology of the vasopressinergic system in the CNS; (2) the interaction between AVP and the monoaminergic and glutamatergic pathways in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders; (3) the iatrogenic AVP dysregulation caused by psychotropic medications; and (4) the pharmaceutical development of AVP receptor antagonists for the treatment of mood disorders.
摘要：
血管加压素或精氨酸-血管加压素（AVP）是一种神经肽分子，以其抗利尿作用而闻名，可调节血浆渗透压和血压。现有文献表明，AVP在中枢神经系统（CNS）中起着多方面的作用，尽管鲜为人知。特别是与情绪障碍的病理生理学和治疗有关。动物模型已经证明AVP与调节社会认知有关，附属和亲社会行为，和侵略,通常与催产素结合。在人类中,AVP通过其对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴以及5-羟色胺能和谷氨酸能系统的影响而与情绪障碍有关。测量血浆AVP在情绪和压力相关疾病中产生了有趣但混合的结果。最近的进展导致copeptin作为AVP的稳定和可靠的替代生物标志物的发展。另一个有趣但相对未被探索的问题是渗透调节系统和情绪障碍病理生理学之间的相互作用，鉴于精神药物通常会导致AVP受体表达或信号传导失调，随后可能导致临床综合征，如利尿不当综合征和尿崩症。最后,作用于V1a和V1b受体拮抗剂的药物试验仍在进行中.这篇叙述综述总结了：（1）中枢神经系统中血管加压素能系统的神经生物学；（2）AVP与单胺能和谷氨酸能通路在心境障碍的病理生理学和治疗中的相互作用；（3）精神药物引起的医源性AVP失调；（4）AVP受体拮抗剂治疗心境障碍的药物开发。
