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Abstract：
The global landscape of Candida infections has seen a significant shift. Previously, Candida albicans was the predominant species. However, there has been an emergence of non-albicans Candida species, which are often less susceptible to antifungal treatment. Candida kefyr, in particular, has been increasingly associated with infections. This study aimed to investigate the profiles of enzymatic activity and biofilm formation in both clinical and non-clinical isolates of C. kefyr. A total of 66 C. kefyr isolates were analysed. The activities of proteinase and phospholipase were assessed using bovine serum albumin and egg yolk agar, respectively. Haemolysin, caseinolytic and esterase activities were evaluated using specific methods. Biofilm formation was investigated using crystal violet staining. The findings indicated that biofilm and proteinase activity were detected in 81.8% and 93.9% of all the isolates, respectively. Haemolysin activity was observed with the highest occurrence (95.5%) among normal microbiota isolates. Esterase activity was predominantly identified in dairy samples and was absent in hospital samples. Caseinase production was found with the highest occurrence (18.2%) in normal microbiota and hospital samples. Phospholipase activity was limited, found in only 3% of all the isolates. These findings reveal variations in enzyme activity between clinical and non-clinical C. kefyr isolates. This sheds light on their pathogenic potential and has implications for therapeutic strategies.
摘要：
念珠菌感染的全球格局发生了重大变化。以前,白色念珠菌是主要物种。然而,出现了非白色念珠菌，通常不易受到抗真菌治疗。Kefyr念珠菌,特别是,越来越多地与感染有关。本研究旨在研究C.kefyr临床和非临床分离株的酶活性和生物膜形成的概况。分析了总共66个C.kefyr分离株。使用牛血清白蛋白和蛋黄琼脂评估蛋白酶和磷脂酶的活性，分别。血溶素,使用特定方法评估酪蛋白水解和酯酶活性。使用结晶紫染色研究生物膜形成。结果表明，在所有分离物中，生物膜和蛋白酶活性分别为81.8％和93.9％，分别。在正常微生物群分离物中观察到溶血素活性最高(95.5%)。酯酶活性主要在乳制品样品中鉴定，而在医院样品中却没有。在正常微生物群和医院样本中，酪蛋白酶的产生发生率最高（18.2％）。磷脂酶活性有限，仅在所有分离物中的3%中发现。这些发现揭示了临床和非临床C.kefyr分离株之间酶活性的变化。这揭示了它们的致病潜力，并对治疗策略有影响。
