Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The Asian American (AsA) population is at high risk for poor oral health outcomes and remains an underserved and understudied community. Low oral health literacy could explain poor oral health behaviours, practices and outcomes in this population. The aims were as follows: (i) provide a scoping review of oral health literacy, knowledge, practice and beliefs among AsA individuals residing in the United States; (ii) identify any instruments or tools translated into participants\' language and (iii) determine whether the translated instruments had been assessed for validity and reliability.
METHODS: The current study used a scoping review framework based on PRISMA-ScR that included rigorous eligibility criteria, search strategy, independent selection process with adjudication, and standardized reporting of outcomes. The search was conducted on March 14, 2022, and updated on February 25, 2023 and February 13, 2024, in the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL. Peer-reviewed original research on oral health literacy, knowledge, awareness, practice, and beliefs related to oral health care in AsA subgroups published in English were included. Two reviewers independently assessed whether titles and abstracts should be included for review, with discrepancies adjudicated by a third reviewer. Data extracted from articles used a standard template that included study design, and measurement tools of oral health, knowledge, awareness, practice and beliefs, as well as results and conclusions of the publication. In addition, the template captured whether the translated and original measurement tools were assessed for reliability and validity.
RESULTS: Of the 367 papers identified, 10 studies that met eligibility criteria were included in the final review. Of these, four studies used previously validated tools to assess oral health measurements in AsA. Only five of the studies translated the tools into the participants\' native language. Although AsA exhibited lower oral health literacy than Whites but higher than Hispanics and African Americans, none of the translated tools were assessed for reliability and validity. Acculturation and country of birth were factors influencing oral health behaviours related to good oral health practice and utilization, with AsA born in the United States exhibiting higher oral health utilization than those born in their country of origin. Oral health beliefs played a significant role in dental care utilization among AsA populations.
CONCLUSIONS: The scoping review on oral health in Asian American communities identifies a significant research gap, particularly in the lack of validated tools for assessing oral health literacy, which varies across ethnic groups. It notes that AsA generally have lower oral health literacy compared to Whites, but higher than Hispanics and African Americans. AsA born in the United States shows better oral health practices, influenced by acculturation and birth country. The findings emphasize the need for more thorough and culturally adapted research methods to address oral health disparities in this diverse group.
METHODS: The current study used a scoping review framework based on PRISMA-ScR that included rigorous eligibility criteria, search strategy, independent selection process with adjudication, and standardized reporting of outcomes. The search was conducted on March 14, 2022, and updated on February 25, 2023 and February 13, 2024, in the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL. Peer-reviewed original research on oral health literacy, knowledge, awareness, practice, and beliefs related to oral health care in AsA subgroups published in English were included. Two reviewers independently assessed whether titles and abstracts should be included for review, with discrepancies adjudicated by a third reviewer. Data extracted from articles used a standard template that included study design, and measurement tools of oral health, knowledge, awareness, practice and beliefs, as well as results and conclusions of the publication. In addition, the template captured whether the translated and original measurement tools were assessed for reliability and validity.
RESULTS: Of the 367 papers identified, 10 studies that met eligibility criteria were included in the final review. Of these, four studies used previously validated tools to assess oral health measurements in AsA. Only five of the studies translated the tools into the participants\' native language. Although AsA exhibited lower oral health literacy than Whites but higher than Hispanics and African Americans, none of the translated tools were assessed for reliability and validity. Acculturation and country of birth were factors influencing oral health behaviours related to good oral health practice and utilization, with AsA born in the United States exhibiting higher oral health utilization than those born in their country of origin. Oral health beliefs played a significant role in dental care utilization among AsA populations.
CONCLUSIONS: The scoping review on oral health in Asian American communities identifies a significant research gap, particularly in the lack of validated tools for assessing oral health literacy, which varies across ethnic groups. It notes that AsA generally have lower oral health literacy compared to Whites, but higher than Hispanics and African Americans. AsA born in the United States shows better oral health practices, influenced by acculturation and birth country. The findings emphasize the need for more thorough and culturally adapted research methods to address oral health disparities in this diverse group.
摘要：
目标：亚裔美国人（AsA）人群口腔健康不良的风险很高，仍然是一个服务不足和研究不足的社区。口腔健康素养低可以解释不良的口腔健康行为，这一群体的实践和结果。目的如下:(I)对口腔健康素养进行范围审查，知识,居住在美国的AsA个人的实践和信念；（ii）识别翻译成参与者语言的任何工具或工具，以及（iii）确定翻译后的工具是否经过有效性和可靠性评估。
方法：当前的研究使用了基于PRISMA-ScR的范围审查框架，其中包括严格的资格标准，搜索策略,有裁决的独立选择过程，和标准化的结果报告。搜索于2022年3月14日进行，并于2023年2月25日和2024年2月13日在以下数据库中进行了更新：OvidMEDLINE，Embase,WebofScience和CINAHL。对口腔健康素养的原始研究进行同行评审，知识,意识,实践,包括以英语发表的AsA亚组中与口腔保健相关的信念。两名审稿人独立评估是否应包括标题和摘要以供审查，与第三位审稿人裁定的差异。从文章中提取的数据使用了包括研究设计在内的标准模板，和测量口腔健康的工具，知识,意识,实践和信仰，以及出版物的结果和结论。此外,该模板记录了是否对翻译和原始测量工具进行了信度和效度评估.
结果：在确定的367篇论文中，10项符合资格标准的研究被纳入最终审查。其中,4项研究使用先前验证的工具评估AsA中的口腔健康测量.只有五项研究将这些工具翻译成参与者的母语。尽管AsA的口腔健康素养低于白人，但高于西班牙裔和非裔美国人，所有翻译工具均未进行信度和效度评估.文化适应和出生国家是影响口腔健康行为的因素，与良好的口腔健康实践和利用有关，与出生在美国的AsA相比，他们的口腔健康利用率更高。口腔健康信念在AsA人群的牙科护理利用中起着重要作用。
结论：关于亚裔美国人社区口腔健康的范围审查发现了一个显著的研究差距，特别是缺乏评估口腔健康素养的有效工具，不同种族的不同。它指出，与白人相比，AsA通常具有较低的口腔健康素养，但高于西班牙裔和非裔美国人。出生在美国的AsA显示出更好的口腔健康习惯，受文化适应和出生国的影响。研究结果强调需要更彻底和文化适应的研究方法来解决这个不同群体的口腔健康差异。
方法：当前的研究使用了基于PRISMA-ScR的范围审查框架，其中包括严格的资格标准，搜索策略,有裁决的独立选择过程，和标准化的结果报告。搜索于2022年3月14日进行，并于2023年2月25日和2024年2月13日在以下数据库中进行了更新：OvidMEDLINE，Embase,WebofScience和CINAHL。对口腔健康素养的原始研究进行同行评审，知识,意识,实践,包括以英语发表的AsA亚组中与口腔保健相关的信念。两名审稿人独立评估是否应包括标题和摘要以供审查，与第三位审稿人裁定的差异。从文章中提取的数据使用了包括研究设计在内的标准模板，和测量口腔健康的工具，知识,意识,实践和信仰，以及出版物的结果和结论。此外,该模板记录了是否对翻译和原始测量工具进行了信度和效度评估.
结果：在确定的367篇论文中，10项符合资格标准的研究被纳入最终审查。其中,4项研究使用先前验证的工具评估AsA中的口腔健康测量.只有五项研究将这些工具翻译成参与者的母语。尽管AsA的口腔健康素养低于白人，但高于西班牙裔和非裔美国人，所有翻译工具均未进行信度和效度评估.文化适应和出生国家是影响口腔健康行为的因素，与良好的口腔健康实践和利用有关，与出生在美国的AsA相比，他们的口腔健康利用率更高。口腔健康信念在AsA人群的牙科护理利用中起着重要作用。
结论：关于亚裔美国人社区口腔健康的范围审查发现了一个显著的研究差距，特别是缺乏评估口腔健康素养的有效工具，不同种族的不同。它指出，与白人相比，AsA通常具有较低的口腔健康素养，但高于西班牙裔和非裔美国人。出生在美国的AsA显示出更好的口腔健康习惯，受文化适应和出生国的影响。研究结果强调需要更彻底和文化适应的研究方法来解决这个不同群体的口腔健康差异。
