Abstract：
Evaluating Behind Armor Blunt Trauma (BABT) is a critical step in preventing non-penetrating injuries in military personnel, which can result from the transfer of kinetic energy from projectiles impacting body armor. While the current NIJ Standard-0101.06 standard focuses on preventing excessive armor backface deformation, this standard does not account for the variability in impact location, thorax organ and tissue material properties, and injury thresholds in order to assess potential injury. To address this gap, Finite Element (FE) human body models (HBMs) have been employed to investigate variability in BABT impact conditions by recreating specific cases from survivor databases and generating injury risk curves. However, these deterministic analyses predominantly use models representing the 50th percentile male and do not investigate the uncertainty and variability inherent within the system, thus limiting the generalizability of investigating injury risk over a diverse military population. The DoD-funded I-PREDICT Future Naval Capability (FNC) introduces a probabilistic HBM, which considers uncertainty and variability in tissue material and failure properties, anthropometry, and external loading conditions. This study utilizes the I-PREDICT HBM for BABT simulations for three thoracic impact locations-liver, heart, and lower abdomen. A probabilistic analysis of tissue-level strains resulting from a BABT event is used to determine the probability of achieving a Military Combat Incapacitation Scale (MCIS) for organ-level injuries and the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) is employed for whole-body injury risk evaluations. Organ-level MCIS metrics show that impact at the heart can cause severe injuries to the heart and spleen, whereas impact to the liver can cause rib fractures and major lacerations in the liver. Impact at the lower abdomen can cause lacerations in the spleen. Simulation results indicate that, under current protection standards, the whole-body risk of injury varies between 6 and 98% based on impact location, with the impact at the heart being the most severe, followed by impact at the liver and the lower abdomen. These results suggest that the current body armor protection standards might result in severe injuries in specific locations, but no injuries in others.
摘要：
评估装甲钝器创伤（BABT）背后是防止军事人员非穿透性伤害的关键一步，这可能是由于射弹撞击防弹衣的动能转移造成的。尽管当前的NIJStandard-0101.06标准侧重于防止装甲背面过度变形，本标准不考虑撞击位置的可变性，胸部器官和组织材料特性，和损伤阈值，以评估潜在的伤害。为了解决这个差距，通过从幸存者数据库中重新创建特定案例并生成伤害风险曲线，已采用有限元（FE）人体模型（HBM）来研究BABT撞击条件的变异性。然而,这些确定性分析主要使用代表男性第50百分位数的模型，不调查系统内固有的不确定性和可变性，从而限制了在不同军事人群中调查伤害风险的普遍性。国防部资助的I-PREDICT未来海军能力（FNC）引入了概率HBM，它考虑了组织材料和失效特性的不确定性和可变性，人体测量学,和外部加载条件。本研究利用I-PREDICTHBM对三个胸部撞击位置-肝脏进行BABT模拟，心,和下腹部。对BABT事件引起的组织水平应变的概率分析用于确定实现器官水平损伤的军事战斗失能量表（MCIS）的概率，并采用新损伤严重程度评分（NISS）进行全身损伤风险评估。器官水平的MCIS指标显示，对心脏的影响会对心脏和脾脏造成严重伤害，而对肝脏的影响会导致肋骨骨折和肝脏严重撕裂。下腹部的撞击会导致脾脏撕裂。仿真结果表明,在当前的保护标准下，根据撞击位置，全身受伤的风险在6%到98%之间变化，对心脏的影响最严重，然后是肝脏和下腹部的撞击。这些结果表明，当前的防弹衣保护标准可能会导致特定位置的严重伤害，但其他人没有受伤。
