PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Viticulture has been an important economic sector for centuries. In recent decades, global wine production has fluctuated between 250 and almost 300 million hectoliters, and in 2022, the value of wine exports reached EUR 37.6 billion. Climate change and the associated higher temperatures could favor the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in wine. OTA is a mycotoxin produced by some species of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium and has nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic, and carcinogenic effects on animals and humans. The presence of this toxin in wine is related to the type of wine-red wines are more frequently contaminated with OTA-and the geographical location of the vineyard. In Europe, the lower the latitude, the greater the risk of OTA contamination in wine. However, climate change could increase the risk of OTA contamination in wine in other regions. Due to their toxic effects, the development of effective and environmentally friendly methods to prevent, decontaminate, and degrade OTA is essential. This review summarises the available research on biological aspects of OTA prevention, removal, and degradation.
摘要：
几个世纪以来，葡萄种植一直是重要的经济部门。近几十年来,全球葡萄酒产量在250亿至近3亿公升之间波动，2022年，葡萄酒出口额达到376亿欧元。气候变化和相关的较高温度可能有利于葡萄酒中ochratoxinA（OTA）的发生。OTA是由曲霉属和青霉属的某些物种产生的霉菌毒素，具有肾毒性，免疫毒性,致畸,肝毒性，对动物和人类的致癌作用。葡萄酒中这种毒素的存在与葡萄酒的类型有关-红葡萄酒更经常被OTA污染-以及葡萄园的地理位置。在欧洲,纬度越低,葡萄酒中OTA污染的风险越大。然而,气候变化可能会增加其他地区葡萄酒中OTA污染的风险。由于它们的毒性作用,开发有效和环保的方法来预防，净化，和降解OTA是必不可少的。这篇综述总结了OTA预防生物学方面的现有研究，移除,和退化。
