PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging flavivirus, primarily circulating among avian hosts and mosquito vectors, causing periodic outbreaks in humans and horses, often leading to neuroinvasive disease and mortality. Spain has reported several outbreaks, most notably in 2020 with seventy-seven human cases and eight fatalities. WNV has been serologically detected in horses in the Community of Madrid, but to our knowledge, it has never been reported from wild birds in this region. To estimate the seroprevalence of WNV in wild birds and horses in the Community of Madrid, 159 wild birds at a wildlife rescue center and 25 privately owned equines were sampled. Serum from thirteen birds (8.2%) and one equine (4.0%) tested positive with a WNV competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) designed for WNV antibody detection but sensitive to cross-reacting antibodies to other flaviviruses. Virus-neutralization test (VNT) confirmed WNV antibodies in four bird samples (2.5%), and antibodies to undetermined flavivirus in four additional samples. One equine sample (4.0%) tested positive for WNV by VNT, although this horse previously resided in a WN-endemic area. ELISA-positive birds included both migratory and resident species, juveniles and adults. Two seropositive juvenile birds suggest local flavivirus transmission within the Community of Madrid, while WNV seropositive adult birds may have been infected outside Madrid. The potential circulation of flaviviruses, including WNV, in birds in the Madrid Community raises concerns, although further surveillance of mosquitoes, wild birds, and horses in Madrid is necessary to establish the extent of transmission and the principal species involved.
摘要：
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种重新出现的黄病毒，主要在禽类宿主和蚊媒之间循环，导致人类和马的周期性爆发，常导致神经侵袭性疾病和死亡。西班牙报告了几起疫情，最值得注意的是，2020年有77例人类病例和8人死亡。WNV已在马德里社区的马匹中进行血清学检测，但就我们所知,该地区的野生鸟类从未报道过。为了估计马德里社区野鸟和马的WNV血清阳性率，对野生动植物救援中心的159只野生鸟类和25只私人马匹进行了采样。13只鸟（8.2％）和1只马（4.0％）的血清经设计用于WNV抗体检测的WNV竞争性酶联免疫吸附测定（cELISA）检测呈阳性，但对其他黄病毒的交叉反应抗体敏感。病毒中和试验(VNT)证实了四只禽类样本中的WNV抗体(2.5%),以及另外四个样本中未确定的黄病毒抗体。一个马样本(4.0%)通过VNT检测为WNV阳性，尽管这匹马以前居住在WN特有地区。ELISA阳性鸟类包括迁徙和常驻物种，青少年和成年人。两个血清反应阳性的幼鸟表明马德里社区内有当地的黄病毒传播，而WNV血清阳性的成年鸟类可能在马德里以外被感染。黄病毒的潜在循环，包括WNV,马德里社区的鸟类引起了人们的关注，尽管进一步监测蚊子，野生鸟类,和马匹在马德里是必要的，以确定传播的程度和所涉及的主要物种。
