PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Intelligent and diversified development of modern detection technology greatly affects the battlefield survivability of military targets, especially infrared, acoustic wave, and radar detection expose targets by capturing their unavoidable infrared radiation, acoustic wave, and electromagnetic wave information, greatly affecting their battlefield survival and penetration capabilities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop stealth-protective materials that can suppress infrared radiation, reduce acoustic characteristics, and weaken electromagnetic signals. Fibrous three-dimensional porous materials, with their high porosity, excellent structural adjustability, and superior mechanical properties, possess strong potential for development in the field of stealth protection. This article introduced and reviewed the characteristics and development process of fibrous three-dimensional porous materials at both the micrometer and nanometer scales. Then, the process and characteristics of preparing fibrous three-dimensional porous materials through vacuum forming, gel solidification, freeze-casting, and impregnation stacking methods were analyzed and discussed. Meanwhile, their current application status in infrared, acoustic wave, and radar stealth fields was summarized and their existing problems and development trends in these areas from the perspectives of preparation processes and applicability were analyzed. Finally, several prospects for the current challenges faced by fibrous three-dimensional porous materials were proposed as follows: functionally modifying fibers to enhance their applicability through self-cross-linking; establishing theoretical models for the transmission of thermal energy, acoustic waves, and electromagnetic waves within fibrous porous materials; constructing fibrous porous materials resistant to impact, shear, and fracture to meet the needs of practical applications; developing multifunctional stealth fibrous porous materials to confer full-spectrum broadband stealth capability; and exploring the relationship between material size and mechanical properties as a basis for preparing large-scale samples that meet the application\'s requirement. This review is very timely and aims to focus researchers\' attention on the importance and research progress of fibrous porous materials in the field of stealth protection, so as to solve the problems and challenges of fibrous porous materials in the field of stealth protection and to promote the further innovation of fibrous porous materials in terms of structure and function.
摘要：
现代探测技术的智能化,多样化发展,极大地影响着军事目标的战场生存能力,尤其是红外线,声波,雷达探测通过捕获目标不可避免的红外辐射来暴露目标，声波,和电磁波信息，极大地影响了他们的战场生存和渗透能力。因此,迫切需要开发能够抑制红外辐射的隐形防护材料，降低声学特性，削弱电磁信号。纤维三维多孔材料，它们的高孔隙率，出色的结构可调性，和优越的机械性能，在隐身防护领域具有很强的发展潜力。本文从微米和纳米尺度介绍和综述了纤维三维多孔材料的特点和发展过程。然后，通过真空成型制备纤维三维多孔材料的过程和特点，凝胶固化，冷冻铸造，和浸渍堆积方法进行了分析和讨论。同时,它们在红外领域的应用现状，声波,对雷达隐身领域进行了总结，并从制备工艺和适用性等角度分析了这些领域存在的问题和发展趋势。最后,针对目前纤维三维多孔材料所面临的挑战提出了如下几个前景:通过自交联对纤维进行功能改性以增强其适用性;建立热能传递的理论模型,声波,和纤维多孔材料内的电磁波；构造耐冲击的纤维多孔材料，剪力,满足实际应用的需要；开发多功能隐身纤维多孔材料，赋予全谱宽带隐身能力；探索材料尺寸与力学性能之间的关系，作为制备满足应用要求的大型样品的基础。这篇综述非常及时，旨在使研究人员关注纤维多孔材料在隐身防护领域的重要性和研究进展。从而解决纤维多孔材料在隐身防护领域存在的问题和挑战,促进纤维多孔材料在结构和功能上的进一步创新。
