PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have achieved significant success in both human and veterinary medicine. However, regulatory authorities have recommended limiting their use, firstly because they can have disabling side effects; secondly, because of the need to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance. This review addresses another concerning consequence of the excessive use of FQs: the freshwater environments contamination and the impact on non-target organisms. Here, an overview of the highest concentrations found in Europe, Asia, and the USA is provided, the sensitivity of various taxa is presented through a comparison of the lowest EC50s from about a hundred acute toxicity tests, and primary mechanisms of FQ toxicity are described. A risk assessment is conducted based on the estimation of the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC). This is calculated traditionally and, in a more contemporary manner, by constructing a normalized Species Sensitivity Distribution curve. The lowest individual HC5 (6.52 µg L-1) was obtained for levofloxacin, followed by ciprofloxacin (7.51 µg L-1), sarafloxacin and clinafloxacin (12.23 µg L-1), and ofloxacin (17.12 µg L-1). By comparing the calculated PNEC with detected concentrations, it is evident that the risk cannot be denied: the potential impact of FQs on freshwater ecosystems is a further reason to minimize their use.
摘要：
氟喹诺酮类药物（FQs）在人类和兽医学中都取得了巨大的成功。然而,监管当局建议限制其使用，首先是因为它们会有致残的副作用；其次，因为需要限制抗生素耐药性的传播。这篇评论讨论了过度使用FQ的另一个令人担忧的后果：淡水环境污染和对非目标生物的影响。这里,在欧洲发现的最高浓度的概述，亚洲,美国被提供，各种分类单元的敏感性是通过比较来自大约一百个急性毒性试验的最低EC50，描述了FQ毒性的主要机制。基于预测无影响浓度(PNEC)的估计进行风险评估。这是传统计算，以更现代的方式，通过构建归一化的物种灵敏度分布曲线。对于左氧氟沙星，获得了最低的单个HC5（6.52µgL-1），其次是环丙沙星（7.51µgL-1），沙拉沙星和西他沙星（12.23µgL-1），和氧氟沙星（17.12µgL-1）。通过将计算出的PNEC与检测到的浓度进行比较，很明显，风险不容否认：FQ对淡水生态系统的潜在影响是最大限度地减少其使用的另一个原因。
