PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Early childhood is a critical period for physical and motor development with implications for long-term health. This systematic review examined the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and measures of physical fitness and motor skills in preschool-aged children (typically 2-6 years). The search strategy was applied in four databases (PubMed, ProQuest Central, Scopus, and Web of Science) to find articles published before 11 April 2024. The results consistently demonstrated significant associations between anthropometric variables (height, weight, body mass index [BMI], body composition) and physical performance measures. Notably, height and mass were often better predictors of fitness status than BMI alone. Indicators of undernutrition (stunting, wasting) were negatively associated with motor development, emphasizing the importance of adequate nutrition. While some studies reported impaired fitness and motor skills among overweight/obese preschoolers compared to normal-weight peers, others found no differences based on weight status. Relationships between physical activity levels, anthropometrics, and motor outcomes were complex and inconsistent across studies. This review highlights key findings regarding the influence of anthropometric factors on physical capabilities in early childhood. Early identification of children with impaired growth or excessive adiposity may inform tailored interventions to promote optimal motor development and prevent issues like obesity. Creating supportive environments for healthy growth and age-appropriate physical activity opportunities is crucial during this critical developmental window.
摘要：
幼儿期是身体和运动发育的关键时期，对长期健康有影响。本系统综述研究了学龄前儿童（通常为2-6岁）的人体测量特征与身体素质和运动技能之间的关系。搜索策略应用于四个数据库(PubMed，ProQuestCentral,Scopus,和WebofScience)查找2024年4月11日之前发表的文章。结果一致证明人体测量变量(身高，体重,体重指数[BMI]，身体成分)和物理性能测量。值得注意的是,身高和体重通常比单独的BMI更好地预测健康状态.营养不良的指标(发育迟缓，浪费)与运动发育呈负相关，强调充足营养的重要性。虽然一些研究报告称，与正常体重的同龄人相比，超重/肥胖的学龄前儿童的健身和运动技能受损，其他人发现基于体重状态没有差异。身体活动水平之间的关系，人体测量学,和运动结果是复杂和不一致的研究。这篇综述强调了有关人体测量因素对幼儿身体能力影响的关键发现。早期识别生长受损或过度肥胖的儿童可能会提供量身定制的干预措施，以促进最佳运动发育并预防肥胖等问题。在这个关键的发展窗口中，为健康成长和适合年龄的体育活动机会创造支持性环境至关重要。
