PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Calcium plays central roles in numerous biological processes, thereby, its levels in the blood are under strict control to maintain homeostatic balance and enable the proper functioning of living organisms. The regulatory mechanisms ensuring this balance can be affected by pathologies such as cancer, and as a result, hyper- or hypocalcemia can occur. These states, characterized by elevated or decreased calcium blood levels, respectively, have a significant effect on general homeostasis. This article focuses on a particular form of calcium metabolism disorder, which is hypercalcemia in neoplasms. It also constitutes a summary of the current knowledge regarding the diagnosis of hypercalcemia and its management. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is estimated to affect over 40% of cancer patients and can be associated with both solid and blood cancers. Elevated calcium levels can be an indicator of developing cancer. The main mechanism of hypercalcemia development in tumors appears to be excessive production of parathyroid hormone-related peptides. Among the known treatment methods, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, steroids, and denosumab should be mentioned, but ongoing research promotes progress in pharmacotherapy. Given the rising global cancer prevalence, the problem of hypercalcemia is of high importance and requires attention.
摘要：
钙在许多生物过程中起着核心作用，因此，它在血液中的水平受到严格控制，以维持体内平衡，并使生物体能够正常运作。确保这种平衡的调节机制可能会受到癌症等病理的影响，结果，可发生高血钙或低血钙。这些国家,以血液钙水平升高或降低为特征，分别,对一般稳态有显著影响。本文重点介绍一种特殊形式的钙代谢紊乱，这是肿瘤中的高钙血症。它还构成了有关高钙血症诊断及其管理的当前知识的摘要。据估计，恶性肿瘤的高钙血症会影响40％以上的癌症患者，并且可能与实体和血液癌症有关。钙水平升高可能是癌症发展的指标。肿瘤中高钙血症发展的主要机制似乎是甲状旁腺激素相关肽的过量产生。在已知的治疗方法中，双膦酸盐，降钙素,类固醇,应该提到denosumab，但是正在进行的研究促进了药物治疗的进展。鉴于全球癌症患病率上升，高钙血症的问题非常重要，需要注意。
