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Abstract：
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates due to delayed treatment of patients. The conventional methodology for blood diagnosis takes several hours, which suspends treatment, limits early drug administration, and affects the patient\'s recovery. Thus, rapid, accurate, bedside (onsite), economical, and reliable sepsis biomarker reading of the clinical sample is an emergent need for patient lifesaving. Electrochemical label-free biosensors are specific and rapid devices that are able to perform analysis at the patient\'s bedside; thus, they are considered an attractive methodology in a clinical setting. To reveal their full diagnostic potential, electrode architecture strategies of fabrication are highly desirable, particularly those able to preserve specific antibody-antigen attraction, restrict non-specific adsorption, and exhibit high sensitivity with a low detection limit for a target biomarker. The aim of this review is to provide state-of-the-art methodologies allowing the fabrication of ultrasensitive and highly selective electrochemical sensors for sepsis biomarkers. This review focuses on different methods of label-free biomarker sensors and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Then, it highlights effective ways of avoiding false results and the role of molecular labels and functionalization. Recent literature on electrode materials and antibody grafting strategies is discussed, and the most efficient methodology for overcoming the non-specific attraction issues is listed. Finally, we discuss the existing electrode architecture for specific biomarker readers and promising tactics for achieving quick and low detection limits for sepsis biomarkers.
摘要：
脓毒症是一种危及生命的疾病，由于患者的治疗延迟，死亡率很高。传统的血液诊断方法需要几个小时，暂停治疗，限制早期药物管理，影响病人的康复。因此，快速,准确,床边(现场),经济,临床样本的可靠的脓毒症生物标志物读数是挽救患者生命的迫切需要。电化学无标记生物传感器是能够在患者床边进行分析的特定且快速的设备；因此，它们在临床上被认为是一种有吸引力的方法.为了揭示他们的全部诊断潜力，电极结构的制造策略是非常可取的，特别是那些能够保持特异性抗体-抗原吸引力的人，限制非特异性吸附，并且对目标生物标志物表现出高灵敏度和低检测限。这篇综述的目的是提供最先进的方法，允许制造用于脓毒症生物标志物的超灵敏和高选择性电化学传感器。本文重点介绍了无标记生物标志物传感器的不同方法，并讨论了它们的优缺点。然后，它突出了避免错误结果的有效方法以及分子标记和功能化的作用。讨论了有关电极材料和抗体移植策略的最新文献，列出了克服非特定吸引力问题的最有效方法。最后,我们讨论了用于特定生物标志物读取器的现有电极结构,以及实现脓毒症生物标志物快速和低检测限的有希望的策略.
