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Abstract：
Bridgman once reflected on thermodynamics that the laws of thermodynamics were formulated in their present form by the great founders of thermodynamics, Kelvin and Clausius, before all the essential physical facts were in, and there has been no adequate reexamination of the fundamentals since. Thermodynamics still has unknown possibilities waiting to be explored. This paper begins with a brief review of Clausius\'s work on the second law of thermodynamics and a reassessment of the content of Clausius\'s statement. The review tells that what Clausius originally referred to as the second law of thermodynamics was, in fact, the theorem of equivalence of transformations (TET) in a reversible cycle. On this basis, a new symmetric form of Clausius\'s TET is proposed. This theorem says that the two transformations, i.e., the transformation of heat to work and the transformation of work from high pressure to low pressure, should be equivalent in a reversible work-to-heat cycle. New thermodynamic cyclic laws are developed on the basis of the cycle with two work reservoirs (two pressures), which enriches the fundamental of the second law of thermodynamics.
摘要：
布里奇曼曾经在热力学上反思过，热力学定律是由热力学的伟大创始人以现在的形式制定的，Kelvin和Clausius,在所有基本的物理事实出现之前，此后，没有对基本面进行充分的重新审查。热力学仍然有未知的可能性等待探索。本文首先简要回顾了克劳修斯关于热力学第二定律的工作，并重新评估了克劳修斯陈述的内容。这篇评论告诉克劳修斯最初所说的热力学第二定律是，事实上,可逆循环中的变换等价定理(TET)。在此基础上,提出了克劳修斯TET的一种新的对称形式。这个定理说两个变换，即，热量转化为功，功从高压转化为低压，在可逆的功-热循环中应该是等效的。在具有两个工作储层（两个压力）的循环的基础上开发了新的热力学循环定律，这丰富了热力学第二定律的基础。
