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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Addressing informal caregivers\' needs is essential for ensuring quality healthcare and promoting citizen-centred care. This systematic review assessed current knowledge about programmes aimed at meeting the needs of informal caregivers of adults who are dependent on others for daily life activities.
METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases EBSCOhost Research Platform, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and The Virtual Health Library were searched for randomized experimental studies published between 2012 and 2022 that implemented programmes addressing informal caregivers\' needs to improve their experiences, health, and well-being. Quality was assessed using the standardized critical evaluation tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Two independent investigators performed the eligibility assessment and data extraction. Quantitative data on the effectiveness of interventions were collected, and the content of each intervention was synthesized and aggregated into categories, through narrative synthesis.
RESULTS: The majority of the included studies (n = 16) were conducted in European countries and implemented a structured intervention programme compared to the provision of usual care. The studies were of fair to high methodological quality, with a higher risk of bias related to blinding. The results supported the achievement of favourable health outcomes among informal caregivers, namely improvements in mental health (n = 3) and quality of life (n = 3) and a decrease in psychological symptomatology (n = 5) and burden (n = 3). None of the interventions reported adverse outcomes; however, five studies did not describe significant differences in the outcomes assessed after the implementation of the programmes. Interventions focusing on training and educating caregivers (n = 14) and cognitive-behavioural strategies (n = 7) were the most common, while programmes focusing on emotional and psychological support as a resource to improve caregivers\' psychological outcomes were scarce.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review adds to the growing body of evidence and insight showing that programmes that address informal caregivers\' needs seem to contribute to better physical and psychological health outcomes through the promotion of caregivers\' educational support and the implementation of cognitive-behavioural strategies. Future research should implement methodologically robust cross-country programmes tailored to informal caregivers\' physical, emotional, psychosocial, societal, and educational needs throughout the care trajectory.
METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases EBSCOhost Research Platform, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and The Virtual Health Library were searched for randomized experimental studies published between 2012 and 2022 that implemented programmes addressing informal caregivers\' needs to improve their experiences, health, and well-being. Quality was assessed using the standardized critical evaluation tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Two independent investigators performed the eligibility assessment and data extraction. Quantitative data on the effectiveness of interventions were collected, and the content of each intervention was synthesized and aggregated into categories, through narrative synthesis.
RESULTS: The majority of the included studies (n = 16) were conducted in European countries and implemented a structured intervention programme compared to the provision of usual care. The studies were of fair to high methodological quality, with a higher risk of bias related to blinding. The results supported the achievement of favourable health outcomes among informal caregivers, namely improvements in mental health (n = 3) and quality of life (n = 3) and a decrease in psychological symptomatology (n = 5) and burden (n = 3). None of the interventions reported adverse outcomes; however, five studies did not describe significant differences in the outcomes assessed after the implementation of the programmes. Interventions focusing on training and educating caregivers (n = 14) and cognitive-behavioural strategies (n = 7) were the most common, while programmes focusing on emotional and psychological support as a resource to improve caregivers\' psychological outcomes were scarce.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review adds to the growing body of evidence and insight showing that programmes that address informal caregivers\' needs seem to contribute to better physical and psychological health outcomes through the promotion of caregivers\' educational support and the implementation of cognitive-behavioural strategies. Future research should implement methodologically robust cross-country programmes tailored to informal caregivers\' physical, emotional, psychosocial, societal, and educational needs throughout the care trajectory.
摘要：
背景：满足非正式护理人员的需求对于确保高质量的医疗保健和促进以公民为中心的护理至关重要。这项系统审查评估了有关旨在满足依赖他人进行日常生活活动的成年人非正式照顾者需求的计划的最新知识。
方法：遵循PRISMA指南，电子数据库EBSCOhost研究平台，MEDLINE,CINAHL,Scopus,搜索了2012年至2022年之间发表的随机实验研究，这些研究实施了解决非正式护理人员需求的计划，以改善他们的经验。健康,和幸福。使用JoannaBriggs研究所的标准化关键评估工具评估质量。两名独立的研究者进行了资格评估和数据提取。收集了有关干预措施有效性的定量数据，每个干预措施的内容都被综合和汇总成几类，通过叙事综合。
结果：大多数纳入的研究（n=16）是在欧洲国家进行的，与提供常规护理相比，实施了结构化的干预计划。这些研究的方法学质量相当高，与盲法相关的偏倚风险较高。结果支持非正式照顾者取得良好的健康成果，即心理健康（n=3）和生活质量（n=3）的改善以及心理症状学（n=5）和负担（n=3）的减少。所有干预措施均未报告不良结果；然而，5项研究未描述方案实施后评估结果的显著差异.以培训和教育护理人员（n=14）和认知行为策略（n=7）为重点的干预措施是最常见的，虽然专注于情感和心理支持作为改善护理人员心理结果的资源的项目很少。
结论：本系统综述增加了越来越多的证据和见解，表明通过促进照顾者的教育支持和实施认知行为策略，解决非正式照顾者需求的计划似乎有助于改善身心健康结果。未来的研究应实施方法上强有力的跨国方案，专门针对非正式的身体护理人员，情感,社会心理,社会,和整个护理轨迹的教育需求。
方法：遵循PRISMA指南，电子数据库EBSCOhost研究平台，MEDLINE,CINAHL,Scopus,搜索了2012年至2022年之间发表的随机实验研究，这些研究实施了解决非正式护理人员需求的计划，以改善他们的经验。健康,和幸福。使用JoannaBriggs研究所的标准化关键评估工具评估质量。两名独立的研究者进行了资格评估和数据提取。收集了有关干预措施有效性的定量数据，每个干预措施的内容都被综合和汇总成几类，通过叙事综合。
结果：大多数纳入的研究（n=16）是在欧洲国家进行的，与提供常规护理相比，实施了结构化的干预计划。这些研究的方法学质量相当高，与盲法相关的偏倚风险较高。结果支持非正式照顾者取得良好的健康成果，即心理健康（n=3）和生活质量（n=3）的改善以及心理症状学（n=5）和负担（n=3）的减少。所有干预措施均未报告不良结果；然而，5项研究未描述方案实施后评估结果的显著差异.以培训和教育护理人员（n=14）和认知行为策略（n=7）为重点的干预措施是最常见的，虽然专注于情感和心理支持作为改善护理人员心理结果的资源的项目很少。
结论：本系统综述增加了越来越多的证据和见解，表明通过促进照顾者的教育支持和实施认知行为策略，解决非正式照顾者需求的计划似乎有助于改善身心健康结果。未来的研究应实施方法上强有力的跨国方案，专门针对非正式的身体护理人员，情感,社会心理,社会,和整个护理轨迹的教育需求。
