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Abstract：
A major worldwide health concern, chronic hepatitis B necessitates precise prognostic and diagnostic indicators for clinical guidance. This article highlights the clinical importance and current issues of the major markers used in both the detection and prognosis of chronic hepatitis B. An important indicator of an ongoing and persistent infection is the hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis B virus DNA quantification monitoring aids in assessing viral load and hepatic cancer risk. While limited evidence of liver damage is provided by alanine aminotransferase levels, the hepatitis B core antibody verifies acute infection. Seroconversion to the hepatitis B e antibody is linked to a lower risk of disease development, and the hepatitis B e antigen status is a critical prognostic factor. Treatment choices are guided by a biopsy of the liver or minimally invasive liver fibrosis detection. Genotypes of the hepatitis B virus and host variables influence the prognosis by adding to the disease\'s variability. Noninvasive techniques to evaluate the severity of the disease are provided by serum markers of fibrosis, such as the fibrosis score based on four criteria and the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index. The requirement for indicators that distinguish between distinct viral phases and increase specificity in evaluating liver damage is one of the challenges facing chronic hepatitis B research. Even though it is quite difficult to find reliable biomarkers for resistance especially when it comes to hepatocellular cancer risk estimation, there are advanced methods, which include imaging and omics that can help in improving the accuracy of the diagnostics and prognosis. Interventions early point that improve patient outcomes are made possible using diagnostics and prognostics as they are quite effective in managing the complicated landscape of chronic hepatitis B. Key in addressing these challenges today and improving the diagnostic and prognostic markers in the future, particularly those that would support the development of successful treatment plans for people living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), are scientific research, technological advances and collaborations.
摘要：
全球重大健康问题，慢性乙型肝炎需要精确的预后和诊断指标来指导临床。本文重点介绍了慢性乙型肝炎的检测和预后中使用的主要标志物的临床重要性和当前问题。持续和持续感染的重要指标是乙型肝炎表面抗原。乙型肝炎病毒DNA定量监测有助于评估病毒载量和肝癌风险。虽然肝脏损害的有限证据是由丙氨酸转氨酶水平提供，乙型肝炎核心抗体证实急性感染。血清转化为乙型肝炎e抗体与较低的疾病发展风险有关，乙型肝炎e抗原状态是一个关键的预后因素。治疗选择由肝脏活检或微创肝纤维化检测指导。乙型肝炎病毒的基因型和宿主变量通过增加疾病的变异性来影响预后。血清纤维化标志物提供了评估疾病严重程度的非侵入性技术，如基于4项标准的纤维化评分和天冬氨酸转氨酶/血小板比值指数.在评估肝损伤时区分不同病毒阶段和增加特异性的指标要求是慢性乙型肝炎研究面临的挑战之一。尽管很难找到可靠的抵抗生物标志物，特别是在肝细胞癌风险估计方面，有先进的方法，其中包括成像和组学，可以帮助提高诊断和预后的准确性。早期干预措施可以使用诊断和预后来改善患者的预后，因为它们在管理慢性乙型肝炎的复杂景观方面非常有效。特别是那些将支持成功的治疗计划与慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的人的发展，是科学研究，技术进步和合作。
