Abstract：
The interstitial fluids in tissues are constantly drained into the lymph nodes (LNs) as lymph through afferent lymphatic vessels and from LNs into the blood through efferent lymphatics. LNs are strategically positioned and have the appropriate cellular composition to serve as sites of adaptive immune initiation against invading pathogens. However, for lymph-borne viruses, which disseminate from the entry site to other tissues through the lymphatic system, immune cells in the draining LN (dLN) also play critical roles in curbing systemic viral dissemination during primary and secondary infections. Lymph-borne viruses in tissues can be transported to dLNs as free virions in the lymph or within infected cells. Regardless of the entry mechanism, infected myeloid antigen-presenting cells, including various subtypes of dendritic cells, inflammatory monocytes, and macrophages, play a critical role in initiating the innate immune response within the dLN. This innate immune response involves cellular crosstalk between infected and bystander innate immune cells that ultimately produce type I interferons (IFN-Is) and other cytokines and recruit inflammatory monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. IFN-I and NK cell cytotoxicity can restrict systemic viral spread during primary infections and prevent serious disease. Additionally, the memory CD8+ T-cells that reside or rapidly migrate to the dLN can contribute to disease prevention during secondary viral infections. This review explores the intricate innate immune responses orchestrated within dLNs that contain primary viral infections and the role of memory CD8+ T-cells following secondary infection or CD8+ T-cell vaccination.
摘要：
组织中的间质液作为淋巴通过传入淋巴管不断排入淋巴结（LN），并通过传出淋巴管从LN排入血液。LN被策略性地定位并且具有合适的细胞组成以充当针对入侵病原体的适应性免疫起始位点。然而,淋巴传播的病毒，通过淋巴系统从进入部位传播到其他组织，引流LN（dLN）中的免疫细胞在抑制原发性和继发性感染期间的全身性病毒传播中也起关键作用。组织中的淋巴携带病毒可以作为淋巴中或感染细胞内的游离病毒体被转运到dLN。不管进入机制如何,感染的骨髓抗原呈递细胞，包括树突状细胞的各种亚型，炎性单核细胞，和巨噬细胞，在启动dLN内的先天免疫应答中起关键作用。这种先天性免疫应答涉及感染和旁观者先天性免疫细胞之间的细胞串扰,所述先天性免疫细胞最终产生I型干扰素(IFN-Is)和其他细胞因子并募集炎性单核细胞和自然杀伤(NK)细胞。IFN-I和NK细胞的细胞毒性可以限制原发性感染期间的全身性病毒传播并预防严重的疾病。此外,驻留或快速迁移到dLN的记忆性CD8+T细胞可有助于在继发病毒感染期间预防疾病。这篇综述探讨了在含有原发性病毒感染的dLN中精心安排的复杂的先天免疫反应，以及继发性感染或CD8T细胞疫苗接种后记忆CD8T细胞的作用。
