Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: To develop a structured process for a transparent, efficient, high-level review of a low-resource biosecurity system (limited by physical infrastructure, financial, and human resources), in order to identify and prioritise key areas for future focus which could then lead to interventions, tailored by country, to improve the system. A key requirement was that the approach developed was culturally sensitive and respectful to Pasifika people within the country.
UNASSIGNED: Animal health and biosecurity systems need to be urgently strengthened by Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) if they are to respond to current and future threats. Understanding where additional resources should be allocated to maximise benefit and ensuring buy-in from PICT stakeholders are critical for uptake of any recommendations made. However, there is little available literature on reviewing biosecurity systems, particularly where there is a need for efficiency, simplicity, and cultural sensitivity. A framework was developed through initial in-person consultation between four New Zealand experts who had experience working in international animal health development and support programmes. This was followed by input from informal discussions with selected heads of agriculture in PICTs and included their experiences with previous system reviews, as well as general advice from experts in Pasifika culture. Foundational objectives included simplicity, local inclusivity, and a structured approach, which could be undertaken over a relatively short period of time.A rapid evidence assessment methodology was used to search the available literature (published and grey, search terms biosecurity, system, Pacific, animal, framework, and review used in AND/OR combinations), to establish an evidence base for other methods of biosecurity system review. The developed framework for review of biosecurity systems in low-resource PICTs was based on elements from expert elicitation frameworks, the SurF surveillance evaluation framework and the Performance of Veterinary Services tool from The World Organisation for Animal Health.
UNASSIGNED: The developed framework involved bringing stakeholders together in a workshop environment and comprised up to 10 steps including mapping the PICT biosecurity system and exploring attributes of component activities. Understanding the system at a high level enables stakeholders to make informed recommendations on improvements to address future needs. Using the Delphi method, recommendations were then prioritised by stakeholders.
UNASSIGNED: A distinctive difference flowing from the use of the needs analysis described in this process was the empowerment of PICT stakeholders to determine their own needs and priorities, rather than have these developed by external parties.
UNASSIGNED: Animal health and biosecurity systems need to be urgently strengthened by Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) if they are to respond to current and future threats. Understanding where additional resources should be allocated to maximise benefit and ensuring buy-in from PICT stakeholders are critical for uptake of any recommendations made. However, there is little available literature on reviewing biosecurity systems, particularly where there is a need for efficiency, simplicity, and cultural sensitivity. A framework was developed through initial in-person consultation between four New Zealand experts who had experience working in international animal health development and support programmes. This was followed by input from informal discussions with selected heads of agriculture in PICTs and included their experiences with previous system reviews, as well as general advice from experts in Pasifika culture. Foundational objectives included simplicity, local inclusivity, and a structured approach, which could be undertaken over a relatively short period of time.A rapid evidence assessment methodology was used to search the available literature (published and grey, search terms biosecurity, system, Pacific, animal, framework, and review used in AND/OR combinations), to establish an evidence base for other methods of biosecurity system review. The developed framework for review of biosecurity systems in low-resource PICTs was based on elements from expert elicitation frameworks, the SurF surveillance evaluation framework and the Performance of Veterinary Services tool from The World Organisation for Animal Health.
UNASSIGNED: The developed framework involved bringing stakeholders together in a workshop environment and comprised up to 10 steps including mapping the PICT biosecurity system and exploring attributes of component activities. Understanding the system at a high level enables stakeholders to make informed recommendations on improvements to address future needs. Using the Delphi method, recommendations were then prioritised by stakeholders.
UNASSIGNED: A distinctive difference flowing from the use of the needs analysis described in this process was the empowerment of PICT stakeholders to determine their own needs and priorities, rather than have these developed by external parties.
摘要：
■为了开发一个透明的结构化过程，高效,对低资源生物安全系统的高级别审查(受物理基础设施限制，金融,和人力资源)，为了确定并确定未来重点关注的关键领域，然后可能导致干预，由国家量身定制，改善系统。一个关键要求是，所制定的方法在文化上是敏感的，并尊重该国境内的Pasifika人。
太平洋岛国和领土（PICTs）迫切需要加强动物卫生和生物安全系统，以应对当前和未来的威胁。了解应在何处分配额外资源以最大化利益并确保PICT利益相关者的支持对于采纳所提出的任何建议至关重要。然而,关于审查生物安全系统的文献很少，特别是在需要效率的地方，简单，文化敏感性。通过在国际动物健康发展和支持计划方面有经验的四名新西兰专家之间的初步面对面协商，制定了一个框架。随后，与PICT的某些农业负责人进行了非正式讨论，并包括了他们在以前的系统审查中的经验，以及Pasifika文化专家的一般建议。基本目标包括简单性，局部包容性，和结构化的方法，这可以在相对较短的时间内进行。使用快速证据评估方法来搜索可用的文献(已出版和灰色，搜索词生物安全，系统,太平洋,动物,框架,并在AND/OR组合中使用审查)，为生物安全体系审查的其他方法建立证据基础。为审查低资源PICT中的生物安全系统而制定的框架是基于专家启发框架中的要素，世界动物卫生组织的SurF监测评估框架和兽医服务绩效工具。
开发的框架涉及将利益相关者聚集在一个研讨会环境中，包括绘制PICT生物安全系统和探索组成部分活动的属性等10个步骤。在高层次上了解该系统，使利益相关者能够就解决未来需求的改进提出明智的建议。使用Delphi方法，然后由利益相关者优先考虑建议。
使用此过程中描述的需求分析的一个显着差异是授权PICT利益相关者确定自己的需求和优先事项，而不是由外部各方开发。
太平洋岛国和领土（PICTs）迫切需要加强动物卫生和生物安全系统，以应对当前和未来的威胁。了解应在何处分配额外资源以最大化利益并确保PICT利益相关者的支持对于采纳所提出的任何建议至关重要。然而,关于审查生物安全系统的文献很少，特别是在需要效率的地方，简单，文化敏感性。通过在国际动物健康发展和支持计划方面有经验的四名新西兰专家之间的初步面对面协商，制定了一个框架。随后，与PICT的某些农业负责人进行了非正式讨论，并包括了他们在以前的系统审查中的经验，以及Pasifika文化专家的一般建议。基本目标包括简单性，局部包容性，和结构化的方法，这可以在相对较短的时间内进行。使用快速证据评估方法来搜索可用的文献(已出版和灰色，搜索词生物安全，系统,太平洋,动物,框架,并在AND/OR组合中使用审查)，为生物安全体系审查的其他方法建立证据基础。为审查低资源PICT中的生物安全系统而制定的框架是基于专家启发框架中的要素，世界动物卫生组织的SurF监测评估框架和兽医服务绩效工具。
开发的框架涉及将利益相关者聚集在一个研讨会环境中，包括绘制PICT生物安全系统和探索组成部分活动的属性等10个步骤。在高层次上了解该系统，使利益相关者能够就解决未来需求的改进提出明智的建议。使用Delphi方法，然后由利益相关者优先考虑建议。
使用此过程中描述的需求分析的一个显着差异是授权PICT利益相关者确定自己的需求和优先事项，而不是由外部各方开发。
