Abstract：
Bladder cancer (BCa) represents the second most common malignancy of the genitourinary tract. The major risk factors include age, gender, smoking attitude, and occupational exposure, while the exact etiopathogenesis is still uncertain. Patients diagnosed with a BCa showing invasion of the muscle layer below the submucosa must undergo radical cystectomy (RC) with urinary diversion (UD). Many different surgical approaches to UD have been developed. Packaging an orthotopic neobladder (ON) with a bowel tract represents the gold standard when certain patient selection criteria are satisfied. Using PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review assessing early (within 90 days) and late (beyond 90 days) post-procedural complications of different ON surgical approaches. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify papers starting from 2012 using dedicated keywords (\"neobladder\", \"orthotopic neobladder\", \"complications\'\' and \"outcomes\"). A total of 27 articles were found to satisfy the inclusion criteria and selected. Although the ON is a safe procedure that guarantees the patient the best quality of life (QoL), it is not free from risks. Many complications could occur during and after the surgical time which imposes the necessity of strict follow-up and careful checks over time, which should be properly discussed with patients before.
摘要：
膀胱癌（BCa）是泌尿生殖道第二常见的恶性肿瘤。主要危险因素包括年龄、性别,吸烟的态度，和职业暴露，而确切的病因仍不确定。诊断为BCa的患者显示粘膜下层下方肌肉层的侵袭，必须进行根治性膀胱切除术（RC）和尿流改道（UD）。已经开发了许多不同的UD手术方法。当满足某些患者选择标准时，用肠道包装原位新膀胱（ON）代表了黄金标准。使用PRISMA指南，我们进行了一项系统评价,评估了不同ON手术入路的术后早期(90天内)和晚期(超过90天)并发症.在PubMed进行了全面系统的搜索，Scopus,和谷歌学者数据库，从2012年开始使用专用关键字(“新布拉德”，“原位新膀胱”，\"并发症\'\'和\"结果\")。共发现27篇符合纳入标准的文章并入选。虽然ON是保证患者最佳生活质量（QoL）的安全程序，它不是没有风险的。在手术期间和手术后可能会发生许多并发症，这就需要随着时间的推移进行严格的随访和仔细检查。这应该在之前与患者适当讨论。
