Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a common brain injury in premature infants, and epilepsy remains a significant complication. One concerning electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern found is developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (DEE-SWAS). This pattern is associated with persistent neuropsychological and motor deficits, even without a diagnosis of epilepsy. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between various PVL grades and EEG patterns in this population on follow-up visits, especially the occurrence of DEE-SWAS pattern on EEG.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study of <36 weeks gestational age newborns who were followed in the neurodevelopmental clinic at Corewell Health East/Corewell Health Children\'s Hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan, between 2020 and 2022. Patients\' demographics along with prematurity complications, diagnostic head ultrasound (HUS), and EEG studies were reviewed and graded. EEG studies are usually ordered when seizures were suspected.
RESULTS: A total of 155 newborns met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-six patients had PVL. Nine patients had grade 2 to 3 PVL based on HUS review. EEG was performed on 15 patients with PVL at a mean age of 22 months. More severe PVL grades were significantly associated with worse EEG patterns (P = 0.005). Five patients had DEE-SWAS pattern on EEG, all of whom had grade 2 or 3 PVL. Epilepsy was eventually diagnosed in three infants with PVL.
CONCLUSIONS: EEG can help identify important abnormal electrographic patterns in premature infants with PVL early in life; this might give a window of opportunity to intervene early and improve long-term developmental outcomes in this population.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study of <36 weeks gestational age newborns who were followed in the neurodevelopmental clinic at Corewell Health East/Corewell Health Children\'s Hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan, between 2020 and 2022. Patients\' demographics along with prematurity complications, diagnostic head ultrasound (HUS), and EEG studies were reviewed and graded. EEG studies are usually ordered when seizures were suspected.
RESULTS: A total of 155 newborns met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-six patients had PVL. Nine patients had grade 2 to 3 PVL based on HUS review. EEG was performed on 15 patients with PVL at a mean age of 22 months. More severe PVL grades were significantly associated with worse EEG patterns (P = 0.005). Five patients had DEE-SWAS pattern on EEG, all of whom had grade 2 or 3 PVL. Epilepsy was eventually diagnosed in three infants with PVL.
CONCLUSIONS: EEG can help identify important abnormal electrographic patterns in premature infants with PVL early in life; this might give a window of opportunity to intervene early and improve long-term developmental outcomes in this population.
摘要：
背景：脑室周围白质软化（PVL）是早产儿常见的脑损伤，癫痫仍然是一个严重的并发症。发现的一种有关脑电图（EEG）模式是发育性和/或癫痫性脑病，具有睡眠中的尖峰和波激活（DEE-SWAS）。这种模式与持续的神经心理和运动缺陷有关，即使没有癫痫的诊断。这项研究的目的是在随访中确定该人群中各种PVL等级与EEG模式之间的关系，尤其是EEG上DEE-SWAS模式的发生。
方法：这是一项在CorewellHealthEast/CorewellHealth儿童医院在RoyalOak的神经发育诊所随访的小于36周胎龄新生儿的回顾性研究，密歇根州,从2020年到2022年。患者的人口统计学特征以及早产并发症，诊断头部超声（HUS），和脑电图研究进行审查和分级。当怀疑癫痫发作时，通常会进行脑电图研究。
结果：共有155名新生儿符合纳入标准。26例患者患有PVL。根据HUS评估，9例患者的PVL为2至3级。对15例平均年龄22个月的PVL患者进行了EEG。更严重的PVL等级与更差的EEG模式显着相关（P=0.005）。5例患者脑电图有DEE-SWAS模式,所有患者均患有2级或3级PVL。癫痫最终在三名患有PVL的婴儿中被诊断出。
结论：脑电图可以帮助识别早期PVL早产儿的重要异常电图模式；这可能为早期干预和改善该人群的长期发育结局提供了机会。
方法：这是一项在CorewellHealthEast/CorewellHealth儿童医院在RoyalOak的神经发育诊所随访的小于36周胎龄新生儿的回顾性研究，密歇根州,从2020年到2022年。患者的人口统计学特征以及早产并发症，诊断头部超声（HUS），和脑电图研究进行审查和分级。当怀疑癫痫发作时，通常会进行脑电图研究。
结果：共有155名新生儿符合纳入标准。26例患者患有PVL。根据HUS评估，9例患者的PVL为2至3级。对15例平均年龄22个月的PVL患者进行了EEG。更严重的PVL等级与更差的EEG模式显着相关（P=0.005）。5例患者脑电图有DEE-SWAS模式,所有患者均患有2级或3级PVL。癫痫最终在三名患有PVL的婴儿中被诊断出。
结论：脑电图可以帮助识别早期PVL早产儿的重要异常电图模式；这可能为早期干预和改善该人群的长期发育结局提供了机会。
