Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Recent developments in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and 3D printing have enabled the fabrication of digital indirect bonding (IDB) transfer trays. These modern products require thorough investigation.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of one-piece and three-piece IDB transfer trays in vitro.
METHODS: An initial dental scan (IDS) of a randomly selected patient with digitally positioned brackets served as the master scan (MS) for designing 16 IDB transfer trays of each type. They were 3D printed and used for bonding 448 brackets to the models. Subsequently, the models were scanned with a TRIOS® 3 Intraoral Scanner (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark), producing actual scans (ASs). The accuracy of bracket positioning was measured digitally on both MSs and ASs. The measurements were compared to the Objective Grading System for dental casts provided by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO).
RESULTS: The 2 types of IDB transfer trays showed comparable accuracy. All linear errors were within the clinically acceptable range, whereas the angular measurements demonstrated significant variability, resulting in clinically unacceptable transfer errors that ranged from 3.3% to 90.3%.
CONCLUSIONS: The study results cannot be unconditionally extrapolated to other types of IDB transfer trays due to the diversity of their properties and features. The study evaluated the in vitro accuracy of IDB transfer trays. The revealed number of errors may be even higher in vivo due to limitations in visibility, salivary flow, interference from the tongue, and difficulties in achieving a proper fit of the IDB transfer tray to the teeth.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of one-piece and three-piece IDB transfer trays in vitro.
METHODS: An initial dental scan (IDS) of a randomly selected patient with digitally positioned brackets served as the master scan (MS) for designing 16 IDB transfer trays of each type. They were 3D printed and used for bonding 448 brackets to the models. Subsequently, the models were scanned with a TRIOS® 3 Intraoral Scanner (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark), producing actual scans (ASs). The accuracy of bracket positioning was measured digitally on both MSs and ASs. The measurements were compared to the Objective Grading System for dental casts provided by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO).
RESULTS: The 2 types of IDB transfer trays showed comparable accuracy. All linear errors were within the clinically acceptable range, whereas the angular measurements demonstrated significant variability, resulting in clinically unacceptable transfer errors that ranged from 3.3% to 90.3%.
CONCLUSIONS: The study results cannot be unconditionally extrapolated to other types of IDB transfer trays due to the diversity of their properties and features. The study evaluated the in vitro accuracy of IDB transfer trays. The revealed number of errors may be even higher in vivo due to limitations in visibility, salivary flow, interference from the tongue, and difficulties in achieving a proper fit of the IDB transfer tray to the teeth.
摘要：
背景：计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）和3D打印的最新发展使数字间接粘合（IDB）转移托盘的制造成为可能。这些现代产品需要彻底的调查。
目的：研究的目的是确定一件式和三件式IDB转移盘在体外的准确性。
方法：随机选择的带有数字定位托槽的患者的初始牙科扫描（IDS）用作主扫描（MS），用于设计每种类型的16个IDB转移托盘。它们是3D打印的，用于将448个支架粘合到模型上。随后，使用TRIOS®3口内扫描仪(3ShapeA/S，哥本哈根,Denmark),产生实际扫描(AS)。支架定位精度是在MS和AS上数字测量的。将测量结果与美国正畸委员会（ABO）提供的牙科模型客观分级系统进行比较。
结果：两种类型的IDB转移托盘显示出可比的准确性。所有线性误差均在临床可接受范围内，而角度测量显示出显著的可变性，导致临床上不可接受的转移错误，范围为3.3％至90.3％。
结论：由于其性质和特征的多样性，研究结果不能无条件地外推到其他类型的IDB转移托盘。该研究评估了IDB转移托盘的体外准确性。由于可见性的限制，所揭示的错误数量在体内可能甚至更高，唾液流,来自舌头的干扰，以及在实现IDB转移托盘与牙齿的适当配合方面的困难。
目的：研究的目的是确定一件式和三件式IDB转移盘在体外的准确性。
方法：随机选择的带有数字定位托槽的患者的初始牙科扫描（IDS）用作主扫描（MS），用于设计每种类型的16个IDB转移托盘。它们是3D打印的，用于将448个支架粘合到模型上。随后，使用TRIOS®3口内扫描仪(3ShapeA/S，哥本哈根,Denmark),产生实际扫描(AS)。支架定位精度是在MS和AS上数字测量的。将测量结果与美国正畸委员会（ABO）提供的牙科模型客观分级系统进行比较。
结果：两种类型的IDB转移托盘显示出可比的准确性。所有线性误差均在临床可接受范围内，而角度测量显示出显著的可变性，导致临床上不可接受的转移错误，范围为3.3％至90.3％。
结论：由于其性质和特征的多样性，研究结果不能无条件地外推到其他类型的IDB转移托盘。该研究评估了IDB转移托盘的体外准确性。由于可见性的限制，所揭示的错误数量在体内可能甚至更高，唾液流,来自舌头的干扰，以及在实现IDB转移托盘与牙齿的适当配合方面的困难。
