PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
As ancient organisms, tree ferns play a crucial role as an evolutionary bridge between lower and higher plant species, providing various utilitarian benefits. However, they face challenges such as overexploitation, climate change, adverse environmental conditions, and insect pests, resulting in conservation concerns. In this study, we provide an overview of metabolic and transcriptomic resources of leaves in two typical tree ferns, A. spinulosa and A. metteniana, and explore the resistance genes for the first time. The landscape of metabolome showed that the compound skimmin may hold medicinal significance. A total of 111 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected, with pathway enrichment analysis highlighting 14 significantly enriched pathways, including 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism possibly associated with environmental adaptations. A total of 14,639 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, among which 606 were resistance (R) genes. We identified BAM1 as a significantly differentially expressed R gene, which is one of the core genes within the R gene interaction network. Both the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree and the PPI network revealed a close relationship between BAM1, FLS2, and TMK. Moreover, BAM1 showed a significant positive correlation with neochlorogenic acid and kaempferol-7-O-glucoside. These metabolites, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, likely play a crucial role in the defense response of tree ferns. This research provides valuable insights into the metabolic and transcriptomic differences between A. spinulosa and A. metteniana, enhancing our understanding of resistance genes in tree ferns.
摘要：
作为古老的生物，树蕨类植物作为低等和高等植物物种之间的进化桥梁起着至关重要的作用，提供各种功利主义利益。然而,他们面临着过度开发等挑战，气候变化,不利的环境条件，和害虫，导致保护问题。在这项研究中,我们概述了两种典型的树蕨类植物叶片的代谢和转录组资源，A.spinulosa和A.metteniana，并首次探索抗性基因。代谢组的景观表明，化合物skimmin可能具有医学意义。共检测到111种差异累积代谢物（DAMs），途径富集分析突出了14条显著富集的途径，包括2-氧代羧酸代谢可能与环境适应有关。共发现14639个差异表达基因(DEGs),其中606个为抗性(R)基因。我们确定BAM1为显著差异表达的R基因，是R基因相互作用网络中的核心基因之一。最大似然系统发育树和PPI网络都揭示了BAM1，FLS2和TMK之间的密切关系。此外，BAM1与新绿原酸和山奈酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷呈显著正相关。这些代谢物，以其抗氧化和抗炎特性而闻名，可能在树蕨类植物的防御反应中起着至关重要的作用。这项研究提供了有价值的见解之间的代谢和转录组的差异，spinulosa和A.metteniana，增强我们对树蕨类植物抗性基因的理解。
